IPPE - International Production & Processing Expo 2017

Two floor-pen trials studied the effect of feeding Cu at different levels either from MINTREX® Cu or from CuSO4 on broilers form 1 to 42d of age. A total of 3,000 and 2,800 Ross 500 day-old non sexed chicks were used in trial 1 (E1) and 2 (E2), respectively. In both trials, birds were randomly distributed into 6 treatments with 5 pens of 100 birds (E1) and 9 or 10 reps of 50 broilers (E2). Six dietary treatments consisted of 3 levels of Cu (10, 30 or 120ppm) x 2 Cu sources (MINTREX® Cu- or CuSO4) arranged in a factorial design. Broilers were fed corn-SBM-wheat bran-DDGS iso-nutritional based diets designed to have a commercial nutrient density across treatments except for added Cu levels. Phytase was used at 0 or 500 FTU´s for E1 and E2, respectively. In both trials, pens had reused litter, commercial feeder space allowances and birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease. The cell-mediated immune response was examined by cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity test in E1 using intradermic inoculation of phytohemagglutinin. Performance (42d) of both trials was analyzed together in a combined mixed model. For each combined analysis, trial was defined as random. The linear, quadratic and source intercept terms were considered fixed effects. BIC was used as criteria to select the regression model that better describes the data based on goodness of fit. For immune response (E1) and carcass yield (E2), ANOVA and Tukey test were performed. There was no interaction between factors for any performance parameter tested. The interdigital thickness was greater for MINTREX® Cu vs CuSO4 at all levels indicating a stronger cell mediated immune response (P< 0.001). For BWG the average source values across levels for MINTREX® Cu vs CuSO4 were different at P = 0.07. The best fit equation (linear for both sources) predicted better BWG (+32g/bird) FCR (-0.032 points) and EPI (8.4 points) with MINTREX® Cu over CuSO4 (P = 0.04) across all levels, and the comparison between predicted BWG, FCR and EPI values at level 10, 30 and 120 ppm were significantly better for MINTREX® vs. CuSO4 at every level (P < 0.05). Overall, MINTREX® Cu optimized performance over CuSO4 while optimal levels of added chelated Cu were achieved at 30 or 120 ppms.

Key Words: Mintrex Cu, Copper, Broilers, Cu requirements, Growth promoter.

Two floor-pen trials tested the effect of feeding Zn from MINTREX® Zn on performance, carcass and meat quality traits of male broilers from 1 to 42d, and MINTREX® Zn differential response when compared to ZnSO4. A total of 1,080 and 1,620 Cobb 500 d-old cockerels were allotted to 9 reps of 24 or 20 birds in trials 1 (E1) and 2 (E2), respectively. Five treatment levels of Zn (0, 16, 32, 64 and 128ppm) were fed from MINTREX® Zn only for E1, or from either MINTREX® Zn or ZnSO4 in a factorial 2 (Source) x 4 (levels) + Negative Control to test the differential Zn Source response for E2. Birds were fed isonutritional corn-SBM-PBM (E1) or corn-SBM with 500 FTUs of phytase (E2) diets across treatments except for Zn which was further added accordingly. Pens had reused litter and feeder space as in the field. Birds were vaccinated with Newcastle, IBD and Marek as used locally. ANOVA, Tukey test and regression analyses were used. Qualitative parameters and lesions (%) were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. In E1, BWG, FCR and production efficiency (EPI) improved when adding MINTREX® Zn showing a cubic effect (P<0.05) and reaching optimal performance at 39, 35 and 37 ppms of added Zn, respectively; and carcass and breast (g) improved and scratches and bruises incidence dropped (P<0.05). In E2, BWG, FCR and EPI improved when adding Zn. Still, birds showed greater BWG (3.007 vs 3.049 kg P <0.05), and EPI (432 vs. 448; P<0.005), when fed MINTREX® Zn rather than ZnSO4, while FCR was not different (1.577 vs 1.563 for MINTREX® Zn and ZnSO4 respectively; P=0.19). Optimum Zn levels were achieved at 35, 38 and 37 ppms for MINTREX® Zn; and at 41, 43 and 41 ppms of Zn from ZnSO4 for BWG, FCR and EPI, respectively. Increasing Zn from ZnSO4 beyond the aforementioned levels did not compensate for its presumed lower bioefficacy resulting in 42g and 17 points loss in BWG and EPI vs. MINTREX® Zn, respectively. In conclusion, aside from improving carcass and meat quality traits of broilers fed practical diets formulated with practical ingredients, MINTREX® Zn can improve live performance above that obtained with ZnSO4. In spite of E1 and E2 having 0 or 500 FTUs of phytase, respectively, optimal Zn levels from MINTREX® Zn calculated for performance traits were very close in both trials.

Key Words: Mintrex Zn, Broilers, Zinc Requirements, Carcass, Meat Quality.

An 18d trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different dosages of commercial phytases in broilers fed corn-SBM-meat and bone meal-poultry byproduct meal-feather meal based mash diets low in non-phytate phosphorus (npp). A total of 2,260 Cobb-500 d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 13 treatments with 8 or 9 replicates of 20 broilers each. Treatments 1 to 4 consisted of 0.23% (negative control, NC), 0.28%, 0.33% and 0.38% (positive control, PC) npp diets, respectively. Treatments 5 to 13 consisted of NC plus 250, 500 or 1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase A, B or C, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 0.74% Ca using limestone. Main ingredients plus Ca and P sources were analyzed before formulations. Nutritional levels were 25kcal and 5% AAs lower than Rostagno et al. (2011) for all diets. Performance from 1-18d, tibia ash percentage and P equivalence at 18d were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey test at P≤0.05. Regression analysis were carried out considering treatments 1 to 4 in order to calculate phosphorus equivalence for treatments supplemented with phytases. Body weight gain (BWG) was higher for PC but not different from 0.33% npp, phytase A (250, 500 and 1000FTU) and phytase B at 500 and 1000FTU. Phytase C was not different from NC at any level. Feed intake (FI) was higher for PC, phytase A at 250 and 1000FTU and phytase B at 1000FTU than 0.23 and 0.28% npp. Livability and FCR did not present differences (P>0.05). However, tibia ash (%) was higher for PC and phytase A at 250 and 1000FTU; without significant difference (P>0.05) from 0.33% npp, phytase A at 500FTU and phytase B 1000FTU. Phytase C at 250 and 1000FTU was not different from NC for this parameter. BWG and tibia ash (%) presented linear improvement with graded levels of npp. Feeding phytase A at any level or phytase B at 1000 FTU resulted in higher P equivalence values when considered BWG or tibia ash. In summary, body weight gain and tibia ash percentage data indicates that phytase A and B are more efficient than phytase C; and in general, phytase A had a solid response requiring lower dosages to reach the 1000 FTU´s performance levels of Phytase B and C.

Key Words: animal byproduct, broiler, phytase, dose response.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of multiple copper supplements on male broiler growth performance and potential bile antimicrobial activity in corn-soy diets. A total of 2560 broilers were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 16 replicates of 40 Cobb 500 broilers. The experiment was a 2x2 factorial (source x inclusion) design included two sources of copper (copper methionine hydroxyl analogue chelate (CMHAC) and copper chloride (CC)). Birds were fed a starter (d1-14), grower (d14-28), and finisher (d28-38). Average body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), mortality adjusted feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed consumption (FC) and mortality (%) were determined on days 14, 28, and 38. On day 38, 4 birds were randomly selected from alternating blocks (32 pens total) for collection of bile to evaluate any potential antimicrobial activity associated with varying copper source and level. Data was analyzed via a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA with main effect means deemed significantly different a P ≤0.05. On d 28 and 38, broilers fed diets containing 120 ppm Cu significantly increased BW compared to the 30 ppm, additionally; BWG during the finisher phase was improved with the higher inclusion rate of copper. An impact of copper source was also observed as CMHAC fed broilers exhibited an elevated BW at day 28 (P=0.018) and 38 (P=0.031) compared to CC. This was associated with an increase (P=0.028) in BWG during the grower phase of production. Differences in BW and BWG were associated with a higher rate of FC as 120 ppm fed broilers consumed elevated (P=0.005) levels of feed as compared to 30 ppm and the CMHAC fed broilers consumed an elevated (P=0.027) level of feed compared to CC. Differences in FCR were observed only during the finisher phase of production as higher levels of copper decreased (0.043) FCR and the CMHAC fed broilers exhibited a lower FCR compared to CC. The bile collected from at the conclusion of the experiment did not result in any zone of inhibition when applied to plates of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium perfringens. These data suggest that copper level and source can impact broiler growth performance.

Key Words: copper, broiler, performance.

Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy which could be associated with increased hypoxia as well as oxidative stress, intracellular calcium imbalance, and fiber-type switching. A 59d broiler study was conducted to determine the effects of synthetic antioxidant {SANTOQUIN ®M6 with 66.6% Ethoxyquin (ETX)} along with Vit-E &C on incidence of severe category Wooden breast (WB) and other tissue changes. Day old YPM x 708 male chicks ( n=1188; 11chicks/pen; 18pens/treatment) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments: fresh fat without ETX (T1) or with ETX (T2), and oxidized fat without ETX (T3), with 125ppm ETX (T4), with 180IU/ kg diet Vit-E &200ppm Vit-C (T5), and with Vit-E &C, and ETX (T6). For T3 to T6 diets, oxidized soy oil was added to get to 5meq peroxide/ kg in the starter and 7meq peroxide/kg in the grower and finisher diets. The study was carried out as RCBD and data were analyzed with 2 sets of factorial designs: T1 to T4 (fat sources/ ETX levels); T3 to T6 (ETX/ Vitamins). In addition to severe WB incidence, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and raw meat (10d of refrigerated storage) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined indicating tissue damage and lipid peroxidation (LP), respectively. For T1 to T4, no interaction (P>0.05) was observed for fat sources and ETX on TBARS, and LDH. Interaction was observed for WB (P=0.02) indicating birds fed oxidized fat with ETX (T4) reduced the severe WB incidence by 14 percentage points compared to birds fed oxidized fat with no ETX (T3). The main effects indicated that feeding oxidized fat increased TBARS (P=0.08), and LDH (P0.05) was observed for ETX and vitamins on TBARS, LDH, and WB. The main effects for ETX indicated reduction (P<0.05) of TBARS and LDH while vitamins indicated tendency to reduce LDH (P=0.08) but not for TBARS (P=0.42). Overall, feeding oxidized fat appears to be a contributing factor for increased muscle LP, tissue damage and WB. ETX reduced severity of WB, LP, and tissue damage while vitamins E&C reduced severity of WB and tissue damage.

Key Words: Antioxidant, Wooden Breast, Santoquin, Vit-E &C.