Charles L. Hofacre

CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL DISEASENecrotic enteritis (NE) due to Clostridium perfringens is a disease of chickens (broilers, broiler breeders, commercial layers) and turkeys (Opengart and Songer, 2013). NE most often is diagnosed when it results in mortality and the presence of the gross lesion of a roughened-appearing mucosal surface of the small intestine at necropsy. However, the greatest economi ...

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEMIn the United States, foodborne nontyphoidal salmonellosis affects approximately one million individuals, results in 378 deaths and costs approximately $3.3 billion USD annually (Scallan et al., 2011). Most of these infections are associated with animal meat and product consumption, with poultry or poultry products being the major source (Marin and Lainez, 2009). Therefor ...

INTRODUCTIONNecrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric bacterial disease in chickens that is caused by Clostridium perfringens type G infection. Avian NE has gained much attention recently in the post antibiotic/anticoccidial agents' era as this infection has resulted in huge economic losses of 2 to 6 billion US dollars in the global poultry industry (Lee et al., 2020). Furthermore, the recently di ...