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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) are two essential minerals for the skeletal growth and other biological functions in poultry. Maintaining an appropriate balance between Ca and P is necessary as these minerals are closely associated in their absorption and post absorptive utilisation. Because of the recent works on the measurement of digestible Ca in feed ingredients, initiative has been taken to determine the standardised ileal digestible (SID) Ca and SID P...
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I. INTRODUCTION To ensure productivity of poultry farming, the intestinal health of chickens, among other factors, must be considered to achieve maximum nutrient absorption and utilisation for the animals to develop properly (Oleforuh-Okoleh et al., 2015). Nonetheless, with the reduction or ban of the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials on a worldwide basis, the quest for products able to modulate the intestinal microbiota of birds has intensified. Enzymes, organic acids,...
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I. INTRODUCTION Stephen Jay Gould famously introduced the term ‘non-overlapping magisteria’ in a Natural History article in March 1997, to describe the separation between scientific and religious lines of enquiry (Gould, 1997). From a broiler nutrition perspective, it would be accurate to represent digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy research, and digestible P and Ca research, using the same vocabulary. Despite these distinct research domains, considerable...
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I. INTRODUCTION Mannan is a plant based-NSP derived from polymerisation of mannose sugars, it is categorised as galactomannan or glucomannan based on the presence of galactose and glucose side chains (Aspinall, 1973). Generally, galactomannan is the dominant form in legumes (Sundu et al., 2012). The ratio between mannose to galactose dictates the water solubility of galactomannan where galactose has a strong capacity to bind water and increase gut viscosity. The β-mannan in...
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Deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced by Fusarium graminearum and is prevalently found in grains such as wheat, corn, barley and their by-products. DON mainly affects the health of monogastric animals, particularly pigs and poultry, through contaminated feedstuffs. Animal study ...
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I. BACKGROUND The scale of the Australian chicken-meat industry has increased at an extraordinarily rapid rate so that now chicken-meat is clearly the first preference of consumers in comparison to pork, beef and lamb. In 1990/91, the Australian population was 17.2 million with a per capita chicken-meat consumption of 23.9 kg; however, this increased by 61.0% to 27.7 million people and consumption increased by 100% to 47.8 kg over the 30 years to 2020/21. As a direct consequence, the...
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I. INTRODUCTION The term ‘amino acid imbalances’ was probably originated by Elvehjem and Krehl (1955) and the topic was addressed by Harper and Rogers (1965). Their conclusion was that imbalances retard growth by altering the normal pathways of amino acid metabolism. Thus, while the relevance of amino acid imbalances to efficient chicken-meat production is recognised, a precise definition has yet to be developed (Kurpad, 2018). Antagonisms between arginine and lysine...
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Coccidiosis is a disease caused by Eimeria spp. and causes a negative economic impact on the poultry industry, inducing global losses over 2.4 billion dollars annually (1). Specific Eimeria spp. identified in poultry includes E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. praecox, E. mitis, E. tenella, E. mivatti, and E. hagani (2). Eimeria spp. colonize in the intestine from duodenum to ceca, leading to inflammation, hemorrhaging, and diarrhea. Damaged intestine caused by...
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INTRODUCTION It is essential to maximize poultry production to meet the increasing demand for animal protein due to the increase in global human population (Tona, 2018). One of the major determinants of successful poultry production is the ability to combat environmental stress challenges in broiler chickens. Stress occurs as a result of a biological response to an internal or external stimulus that poses threats to the normal physiological equilibrium of an organism (Elitok,...
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INTRODUCTION Since the use of antibiotic growth promoters was banned by the EU on January 1st, 2006, several feed additives have been studied as alternatives to antibiotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and herbal medicines (1). Among these feed additives, prebiotics have been studied and supplemented broadly into broiler diets in recent years. Gibson and Roberfroid (2) defined a prebiotic compound as a non-digestible food ingredient utilized by intestinal microbiota....
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@M.C. Fernando R. Feuchter A. Vinegar is a very weak acid and a great source of carbon for certain molds, yeasts, and fungi to use as a carbon source for food and growth. My question would be, what is the reason for using it when flushing lines? If it is to lower the pH so the chlorine is more effective, I would be surprised if it is actually lowering the pH, and if they are using it to descale the water lines, it will never be strong enough to do that properly (if there is a substantial amount...
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INTRODUCTION In South Africa and worldwide, the poultry sector contributes immensely to the global food security status of consumers (1). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2), the demand for poultry feeds is increasing due to the high growth of commercial and smallholder poultry enterprises. Moreover, in the poultry sector, feed accounts for approximately 60–80% of the total cost (3), with fish and soybean meal used as the main protein sources. However,...
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@Mike Stahl Dear Mike. Actually, trials demonstrate the same bioefficacy level in all types of livestock, including Laying hens. There are numerous laying hen experiments - both in field conditions and at research facilities - confirming that 100 parts of MHA can be replaced by 65 parts of DL Methionine with no loss in performance but significant savings in feed cost. I can share these with you if you supply your email address, or alternatively you can contact your local Evonik guy....
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Cordyceps militaris is a well-known Chinese medicinal fungus that has been used as a nutraceutical food in several Asian countries. Cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine), a secondary metabolite produced from Cordyceps militaris has been demonstrated to exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-microbial and antitumor activities. However, the effect of cordycepin on immunomodulation in broilers is poorly investigated. In the current study, we...
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Looking back at 2023, the veterinary APIs market has undergone so many changes - prices falling across the board, manufacturers competing with each other, and production capacity expanding. The China Veterinary Drug & Fodder Trade Center (CVFTC) will conduct a comprehensive review based on the market conditions of...
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INTRODUCTION The poultry industry in Brazil has gained worldwide prominence and has experienced a major evolution in the technological aspects related to the production of broilers. In 2016, Brazil produced 12.9 million tons of chicken meat, which ranked second in terms of world production (ABPA, 2017). According to the FAO, from 2000 to 2030, the world will have to increase the meat production by 20%, and the greatest potential growth will be in chicken meat...
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1 INTRODUCTION Modern broilers grow three to four times as quickly as earlier generations (Browning & Cowieson, 2013). Leg disorders, bone weakness, and broken bones are common problems in broilers that are attributed to poor growth, downgrading at slaughter, and reducing the bird’s routine activities, such as walking, standing, eating, and drinking subsequently causing economic loss at the end (Bell & Weaver, 2002; Manohar et al., 2015; Meseret, 2016;...
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INTRODUCTION Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe that is the causative agent of listeriosis (Gudbjörnsdóttir et al., 2004). They are considered saprophytic organisms with the capability to adapt to an ever-changing environment because they possess multiple stress response mechanisms to overcome varying temperatures, salt concentrations and pH (Berrang et al., 2000; Milillo et al., 2012a; Giaouris et al., 2015; Saldivar et al., 2018). Listeria...
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INTRODUCTION Global population growth, along with rising affluence in Asia, are driving up not only our total demand for food, but also the amount of protein required to feed all of humanity (1, 2). More specifically, the world’s population is expected to grow to over 9 billion people by 2050, and demand for poultry, which represents a relatively healthy and efficient source of protein, is likely to be double from what it was in 2005. At the same time, it is expected that...
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Claudio Afonso (Base2Bio) shares his insights on next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a key tool for clinical diagnosis of disease agents —as well as veterinary surveillance—, during this Engormix interview....
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