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I. INTRODUCTION The nutritional strategy of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) in broiler diets to improve the sustainability of poultry production has been widely reviewed in the recent years (Hilliar and Swick, 2019; Selle et al., 2020). This strategy has proven benefits on global warming potential (GWP; Kebreab et al., 2016; Cappelaere et al., 2021) and litter quality (van Harn et al., 2018). In terms of growth performance, there is still a controversy on the ability of...
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I.INTRODUCTION A high degree of volatility with regard to the pricing and supply of inputs has arisen. This situation began with the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative effect it had on the global supply chain, and has been exacerbated by the Russian-Ukrainian war. This state of affairs will likely persist until at least the end of 2023 (Mulder, 2022). It has given rise to the intermittent non-availability of several essential feed ingredients. Coupled with these short- to medium-term...
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I. Introduction In Australia, 95% of the population are concerned about animal welfare with 91% desiring better ways to monitor and improve animal welfare (National pest & disease outbreaks, 2018). There is increased understanding and focus on animals’ sentience and the need to ensure farm animals have ‘lives worth living’. This applies to the Australian egg industry where research shows the community believes that hens are entitled to positive and rewarding...
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I. Introduction Early life experiences play an important role in the behavioural development of laying hens (Janczak and Riber 2015; Nicol 2015). Environmental differences in rearing systems have been shown to have an impact on behavioural problems such as feather pecking and cannibalism during adulthood (de Haas et al. 2014; Riber and Guzman 2017). In addition, fearfulness early in life has been shown to correspond to increased stress response in adulthood (de Haas et al. 2012). A...
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I. Introduction Immediately after birth, or hatch in birds, the initial inoculum shapes the gut microbiota for life. The first bacteria to settle in the intestine can attach to epithelial cells with no competition, rapidly establish, grow, and set the intestinal environment to suit their own needs (Stecher and Hardt, 2011; Edwards, 2017). The first bacterial settlers have the most substantial influence on developing the host's immune system and overall ability to thrive (Stecher...
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I. Introduction A consistent definition of aging was presented by DiLoreto and Murphy (2015). According to these authors, aging is the result of the non-functionality of the animal's cells, tissues and organs, caused by the stochastic degradation of its parts. This definition considers the changes that have occurred in laying hens that affect the rate of lay (Gu et al. 2021a, 2021b). The main changes are related to the digestive, reproductive system, endocrine glands and...
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INTRODUCTION Corn is one of the major components of poultry feed, and up to 65% of finished poultry feed can be comprised of corn and corn byproducts (Alqaisi et al., 2017). Poultry diets are often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. Fumonisins (FB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are secondary mycotoxin metabolites produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum, respectively (Glenn, 2007). According to the 2021 survey by Biomin, FB and DON are the most prevalent...
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1. Introduction In resource-limited settings, there is a high usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals for preventive, metaphylactic, therapeutic, and growth promoters, especially with the modernization and commercialization of the poultry industry [1–3]. The misuse of antibiotics has been regarded as a major driver of antimicrobial resistance [4]. In addition, it poses a risk of zoonotic transmission as humans may acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals,...
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INTRODUCTION Poultry meat is currently the world’s most consumed and affordable meat type among animal-source. For the coming decade, per capita consumption of poultry meat is expected to increase by 5.5% worldwide, highlighting the importance of this commodity to food security, and protein availability (1). However, consumption of contaminated poultry meat was reported to cause 20.6% of foodborne diseases in the US between 1998 and 2008, among which Salmonella spp. was one of...
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It is important to talk about fowl typhoid in poultry egg and meat production. Firstly, because there is certain ignorance around the pathogen that causes “fowl typhoid” since it is part of an extensive bacterial group with a complex taxonomical system. Secondly, because isolating it is somewhat...
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1. Introduction Past reviews describe recent progress and future perspectives on the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in veterinary medicine. Key advances in mammalian NGS-based diagnostics include the adoption of different types of sequencing platforms and the development of specific applications of NGS for the different mammalian hosts common for human and veterinary medicine. These advances will not be discussed here, except when necessary to highlight the potential of...
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1 Introduction Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient that cannot be synthesized by non-ruminants and must be obtained through the diet. Although certain plant pigments called carotenoids may yield retinoids metabolically, only a small percentage of them can be converted into vitamin A precursors in mammals and birds (Surai et al., 2003; Combs and McClung, 2017). Due to practical considerations, the naturally occurring vitamin A and carotenoid levels in feed ingredients are not...
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Optimising pellet processing to boost pellet quality and profitability
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INTRODUCTION For many years now, the formulation of least cost diets to maximize poultry production has been the focus area for feed compounders and animal producers around the world. Formulating inexpensive high-quality feeds requires highly nutritious ingredients that are easily accessible and whose market prices are low. However, over-reliance on maize and soybeans as major ingredients during diet formulation contributes to high feed costs due to their exorbitant market...
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1. Introduction Despite improvements in broiler performance through genetics, nutrition, and management, there is still a gap between the potential and the performance achieved(1). Chicken meat production is typically based on company guidelines and producer experience. However, the development of new technologies in the last decade has supported objective decision making in poultry farms(2). In addition, epidemiological studies using an integrated approach to identify the...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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INTRODUCTION Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis, annually accounting for approximately 166 million diarrheal cases around the world, particularly in developed countries (Kirk et al., 2015). Campylobacter infection in humans develop fever, vomiting, abdominal pains, and diarrhea, and in some cases Guillain–Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disorder characterized by acute and progressive neuromuscular paralysis (Young et al., 2007). Human...
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Jeyashree Elango (University of Delaware) Enteroids provide a 3-dimensional microenvironment of the intestine, acting as a miniature model for understanding intestinal functions and immune responses. Hence, this shows a promising application in studying disease models and drug screening, among others. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the food-borne pathogens affecting human health through production animals due to contaminated meat...
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Ryan Arsenault (University of Delaware) Significant research and development has been committed to finding alternatives to antibiotics that are at least as effective as conventional antibiotics in preventing disease and promoting growth. It has been well known for 70 years that antibiotics have this dual disease/growth effect. However, it was only around the turn of the century that consideration of antibiotic host effects on growth and immunity were...
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Brian Aldridge (University of Illinois) Biological health is a complex topic of discussion and is often misunderstood as existing as a binary state in terms of the presence or absence of disease. In many ways, it is useful to explain health at a population or system level as the existence of individuals in 1 of 3 states: those in a healthy condition, those with a prediseased status, and those in a diseased state. At a systems level, it is useful to...
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Annelies Kers (Utrecht University) Knowledge of factors that influence the functioning of gut microbes is essential to improve health and reduce the use of antibiotics in poultry production. The environment, and more specifically housing conditions, can affect the gut microbiome of broiler chickens. The gut microbiome is defined as the collection of all the microorganisms and their “theatre of activity” in the gut environment. Previous...
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Theresia Lavergne (Natural Biologics) To produce resilient and healthy poultry, it is necessary to understand the effects of diet and dietary feed additives on the microbiome and its development. This trial was conducted to evaluate the microbiota of broilers 14, 28, and 42 d of age, while feeding them a combination of yeast postbiotics and fermentation extracts (Provillus 4Poultry). A total of 300 Ross 308 male chicks were allotted to 2 treatments:...
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