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Common mistakes using enzymes in poultry nutrition

Published: March 28, 2022
Dr. Piotr Stanislawski shares his experience with Engormix members regarding the use of enzymes in poultry diets and gives his advice on how to do it properly.
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Dr. Piotr Stanislawski
dsm-firmenich
Influencers who recommended :
George Entz, Frank Ivey and 4 more
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Pirzado M Zakria
14 de octubre de 2023
Hi, Dr. Piotr. Hope you are doing well. If use phytase, nsps and protease enzymes in feed, how can we get matrix from these. If we go for matrix phytase not only work on phosphorus and calcium but also release some amino acids and energy. Protease enzyme not only release amino acids but this enzyme also has some impact on calcium, p and energy. What should we do when we use these 3 enzymes in combination?
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Dr Piotr Stanislawski
dsm-firmenich
15 de octubre de 2023

Hi Pirzado M.Zakria
There is a matrix for multienzymes use. The general rule is: minerals from Phytase, energy from NSP and protein from protease (as 100%). From other enzymes, we take 50-25%. This is a simplification, of course, and the composition must be considered individually. For exact calculation please ask the producer/distributor as DSM, Danisco, AB or Addiseo.

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Pirzado M Zakria
16 de octubre de 2023
@Dr Piotr Stanislawski
I am asking for use of individual enzyme not a complex of enzymes. How can we manage in that case?
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Dr Piotr Stanislawski
dsm-firmenich
17 de octubre de 2023
@Pirzado M Zakria I do not understand your question ("If use phytase, nsps and protease enzymes in feed, how can we get matrix from these").
What individual enzyme you mean?
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Luis Fernando Vergamini Luna
Opta Alimentos e Insumos
20 de octubre de 2023
@Dr Piotr Stanislawski and Mr. Zakria, a precise matrix for a blend of enzymes is totally related to the measure of substrates and anti-nutritional elements in the feed, and it varies from one to another.
The correlation of enzymes is an aspect that interferes in the performance results and gather this improvement is truly a challenge but possible with the growth model, it becomes more elucidative.
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Dr. Fiodor S. Marchenkov
Kronos -Agro private company
26 de octubre de 2023
@Luis Fernando Vergamini Luna Yes it is. It is not correct to use matrix indicators of individual enzymes, since in practice a mixture of enzymes is always used. For example, if you want to use only xylanase, then a reasonable question arises: does your feed consist of only wheat? And of course, it is wrong to simply use the sum of matrix values, since enzymes interact both with substrates and with each other. By the way, enzymes must have a sufficient substrate, since they need to break down something. And the matrix values for a mixture of enzymes can only be obtained from the results of model experiments, as well as from commercial trials, too.
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Carlos Martínez Amezcua
3 de noviembre de 2023

@Dr. Fiodor S. Marchenkov, totally agree, but there is also a big problem that impacts response of enzymes, most individual matrices are also evaluated under conditions that do not apply in practice, look values from phytase commercial phytases, blame 5 - 10 improvement on amino acids digestibilities at 500 ftu, but several New publications confirm papers published with Dr. Parsons lab, matrices due to secondary effects are wrong, so values from phosphorus-deficient diets are not correct to arrive conclusions, when put phosphorus levels in the right value, this is a secundary effect, we need phosphorus to absorb aminoácids, Dr. Hans Stein, showed recently, phytases release from 0 to 5 % amino acids and some times, to get that release, need more than 2000 ftus, be careful not only with cocktails, but also with individual matrices

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mohammad aslam
6 de febrero de 2024
@Dr Piotr Stanislawski thanks for suggesting thumb rule
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mohammad aslam
6 de febrero de 2024
@Pirzado M Zakria when you are using phytase you should spare calcium and phosphorus, when you are using protease you can spare amino acids and when NSPase you can spare energy from your diet according to supplier's recommendations, it is simple rule.
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Alvaro Dubois
Cargill
27 de octubre de 2023
Dear Luis Fernando Luna. I became curious about your comment on defining matrices for a combination of enzymes based on growth models. Could you elaborate on that? Thank you.
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Sumit Sipany
ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd
ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd
29 de octubre de 2023

@Alvaro Dubois Nutrient Matrix Value.

1. Matrix values describes the amount of additional nutrients that are released when you add the enzymes.

2. Nutrient matrix values indicate the amount of Metablizable energy(ME), Protein and Amino Acids that are anticipated to be released once an Enzyme is added to the feed formulation.

3 ME that can be adjusted may lie in the range of 50-125 KCal.

4. In cases, where more than one feed additive is used to adjust the ME, the maximum ME that can be adjusted would be upto 125Kcal to 150Kcal.

5. Different feed additives manufacturers claim variable ME that will be released after adding the additives.

6. Please note that aggregate ME will be maximum 150 ME that will be released from the substrate.

Dr V.Rajendra Prasad

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Luis Fernando Vergamini Luna
Opta Alimentos e Insumos
30 de octubre de 2023
Dear @Alvaro Dubois, after a good calibration the growth prediction is one of the main features from growth models. Prediction makes possible set growth considering nutrients increase or decrease. When we added a group of enzymes and the performance is lower or high, this can be used to adjust the proper matrix for the group of enzymes together.
Please send me an email luisluna@allegrolf.com.br, and we can run some cases with the model BroilerOpt.
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Martin Smith
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
2 de febrero de 2024
@Dr. Rajendra Prasad Vemana I really do not agree with this very "broad brush" description. If I consider that sNSP content of maize is only 20% that of wheat, I cannot see in any way that an enzyme that MIGHT contribute 100 kcal energy sparing in a wheat-based diet can provide anything close to 100 kcal in a maize-based diet - simply not enough substrate! I would use 20 - 30 kcal maximum such diets. To use more is foolhardy!
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Alvaro Dubois
Cargill
6 de noviembre de 2023
Dear Luis Fernando Luna. Thanks for the explanation and offering. My point is that there are two nutrient releases that have a direct link with performance: Energy (not really a nutrient) and amino acids. There's no way, just based on the performance change, to separate how much of the impact is coming from each one. Throwing everything in only one (f.i., energy), would generate either an over or under-estimation of it's impact. What I have done in the past with our model (Panorama) is to set an expected impact on amino acids and the performance and the model predicts the necessary change in energy to get that impact. If you do a mistake on the amino acid impact then your energy estimation is also wrong.
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Dave Albin
8 de noviembre de 2023
@Alvaro Dubois With any formulation change, you first must focus on what the change does to over useful, hopefully ME, energy in the diet, and also, what the change might do to intake. After this is understood, balance everything else, like amino acids, to the useful amount of energy in the formulation.
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Luis Fernando Vergamini Luna
Opta Alimentos e Insumos
15 de noviembre de 2023

Dear @Alvaro Dubois, the modern usage of enzymes from phytase up to muramidase faces two different perspectives for me: nutrient releases and antinutritional and allergenic mitigation effects.
Nutrient Releases are not so complex as it is possible to take the information from the lab.
Antinutritional effects reduction is more complex as even in large production units there are different sensibilities patterns, in this case, working with the big data and growth models helps a lot to properly allocate the enzymes and their combinations.
Furthermore, we are also in the time that safety margins are costing a lot, so ME per kg of live birds in each age and Lys deposition are good information for building proper confidence in the growth models calibration.

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Alvaro Dubois
Cargill
8 de noviembre de 2023
Dear Dr. Prasad. I got curious about the maximum energy release of 125-150 kcal/kg, whatever the combination of additives and diet composition. Where does this number comes from?
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Alvaro Dubois
Cargill
8 de noviembre de 2023
Dear Dave Albin. I am not sure if I understood your explanation. Could you try to put it in another words? Sorry for my lack of understanding.
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Dr. Fiodor S. Marchenkov
Kronos -Agro private company
13 de noviembre de 2023
@Alvaro Dubois Dear Alvaro, thanks for discussion participance. I think we should return to the original topic of our discussion. There are good programs for optimizing diets, the issue is only in the matrix values of the added enzymes or in mixtures of these enzymes. The difficulty is that program developers must enter matrix values into the database of their programs. But they need assurances that the metrics are defined correctly and can be safely used by large important customers. My direct mail is marchenkov150@gmail.com
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Bob J. Brill
Brilliant Alternatives
19 de enero de 2024

Hi Everyone. Thanks for addressing the good and the bad about formulating multiple enzymes in the same diet. As a result of the great improvements in Enzymes and other Additives, people like Dr. Frank Ivey with his Broiler Opt, and others who know how to model animals have in effect taken the problem out of the structured Linear Programs that i and others have developed over the last 40 years. And, basically, they have demonstrated that one cannot just put matrix values into the Formulation Program and hope that one gets a "usable solution" let alone a "Better Solution".
In effect we have to change the tools to allow the knowledge to get into the solution with a useable result. The good news is this is relatively easy.

The problem is not the "Better Solution". The problem is integrating your "Better Solution" with the existing Formulation Systems since they do a very good job before and after a solution is arrived at.

Looking back, it comes down to providing a way to get needed data into the matrix, adding a capability to review a solution automatically, and then, keeping a solution that somebody says is a "Better Solution".

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Youssef Attia
1 de febrero de 2024
I think the ME for enzymes depends birds age, enzymes composition, dietary /feedstuffs composition and energy value of the diet but it is safe to assume that it is equal to 50 kcal per kg diet but again depends on factors mentioned above.
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Akbar Yaghobfar
2 de febrero de 2024
@Youssef Attia
Hello, your content is correct. But the age of the bird and the operation or physiological activity of the digestive system. They are more important with the ingredients of the food than the ingredients of the enzyme. Because the composition of the enzyme depends on the age of the bird according to the growth or genetic development and the composition of the food. You are reminded of the activity of enzymes and the amount of calories they are able to release. It is necessary to consider the strength or activity of the endogenous enzyme inside the bird's body in relation to the bird's age. On the other hand, the activity of bacteria or fungi in probiotics or the origin of enzymes must be observed in terms of the need for nutrients and energy inside the bird's body, which is itself considered a living organism. However, it is not easy to say how much energy metabolism has.
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Akbar Yaghobfar
2 de febrero de 2024
Hello, your content is correct. But the age of the bird and the operation or physiological activity of the digestive system. They are more important with the ingredients of the food than the ingredients of the enzyme. Because the composition of the enzyme depends on the age of the bird according to the growth or genetic development and the composition of the food. You are reminded of the activity of enzymes and the amount of calories they are able to release. It is necessary to consider the strength or activity of the endogenous enzyme inside the bird's body in relation to the bird's age. On the other hand, the activity of bacteria or fungi in probiotics or the origin of enzymes must be observed in terms of the need for nutrients and energy inside the bird's body, which is itself considered a living organism. However, it is not easy to say how much energy metabolism has.
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Youssef Attia
2 de febrero de 2024
@Akbar Yaghobfar

Thanks for valuable information and contributions, the gut environment is also important and gut maturation is also essential as well as the strain of chickens broilers vs. layers, ducks and quail.

There are many contributing factors to the nutrient matrix value of enzymes.
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Akbar Yaghobfar
6 de febrero de 2024
@Youssef Attia
Hello
It is respectfully recalled that according to the results of the experiment using multi-enzyme with barley in the diet of laying hens, the quality of eggs, especially the shell, decreased. Please, if your scientific colleagues have observed such results and scientific articles in their farm or research experiments, please send them to the email below. Thanks
Yaqabfar@yahoo.moshatahe
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Akbar Yaghobfar
6 de febrero de 2024
Hello
It is respectfully recalled that according to the results of the experiment using multi-enzyme with barley in the diet of laying hens, the quality of eggs, especially the shell, decreased. Please, if your scientific colleagues have observed such results and scientific articles in their farm or research experiments, please send them to the email below. Thanks
Yaqabfar@yahoo.moshatahe
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Frank Ivey
Feed2Gain, LLC
1 de abril de 2024
The enzyme products that have been developed are of great value to the broiler producer. We know commercial enzyme products release nutrients from the bulk ingredients that make the ingredients more valuable. Typically, a successful product improves value well beyond its cost. And we know that enzyme products named for the same enzyme can have other beneficial enzymes from the fermentation process that make them different, as well.
The best way to use an enzyme product would be to know how each bulk ingredient is affected by the product. That prevents us from limiting the choices we have when formulating in changing ingredient markets. We cannot be sure that the enzyme product will provide the same value if we see reducing one energy source or protein source for another when the prices are favorable unless we know how each ingredient will be affected.
In my opinion, companies marketing enzyme products should have a set of nutrient values for each ingredient the user may feed. Without this, we lose the ability to accurately formulate feeds. As bulk ingredient costs change, the formulas change. If more energy is released from maize, we will undervalue maize in a formulation because we fail to give it credit for the additional energy our chosen enzyme product releases. Then, when costs dictate that we replace maize with a suddenly less expensive source of energy and protein, we cannot be sure that we get the same benefit from the enzyme product.
The difficulty is knowing the actual contribution from each ingredient. The fact that the percentages of each bulk ingredient in each diet we use does vary allows us to begin to interpret the results. The only piece of data that we need to determine an enzyme product impact, after feeding, is to know what nutritional values must have been fed to get the observed outcome. Accurate prediction of flock growth from nutrition is the key and can come from accurate growth programs that do that prediction.
Obviously, the amount of energy released from maize in a starter feed cannot be the same as the energy released from maize in a finisher diet. Also, the sum of energy released from the different ingredients must be equal to the energy required to match the growth. So, a series of simultaneous equations are required, finding the matching energy expression that fits the minimum nutritional change that gives the growth.
This is the challenge, and, in my opinion, the results should be expressed and percent change of the initial ingredient values. Now, the ingredient plus its share of enzyme product cost can be fairly evaluated in formulations. Obviously, the formulation cannot contain native products and enzyme enhanced products together as the decision to add the enzyme impacts all ingredients.
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Alvaro Dubois
Cargill
1 de abril de 2024

Dear Dr. Ivey.
It's always a pleasure to read your comments, especially the ones related to the use of mathematical modeling. I do understand (at least I hope) the concept you put forward on how to establish impact of enzymes on individual ingredients' nutritional matrix. I think it might work reasonably well as long as we are dealing with very simple diets. As we increase the number of ingredients (energy/protein supplying ones) the proposed mathematics proposed becomes quite complicated in trying to separate the individual contributions. Maybe the most important reason is that you start to have large confounding between ingredient variations (ingredients going up or down together), turning any estimation heavily biased. A second problem I see is that enzymes (whatever phytase, carbohydrases, proteases, etc) do not provide only improvement in energy digestibility but also in amino acids (see Dr. Cowieson's many meta-analysis papers). You can have basically the same change in performance with different combinations of energy and amino acids (ideal protein). In this way, when considering both problems together, I have a hard time believing we can, from a trial and based only on performance impact, generate the individual ingredients' contributions to an added enzyme.
Hoping to hear your comments (and others, of course).

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Marcio Ceccantini
Adisseo
4 de abril de 2024
Very good points were raised in this discussion and we see that different approaches are possible. Congrats to all of you. I also would like to add some points that I think we need to take into consideration to better use enzymes: 1-we need to know the amount of antinutritional factors and how they affect each specific feed, for example, soluble Arabinoxylans from one raw material can affect the digestibility of other raw material; 2 - The amount of nutritional factors identified as non-digestible in each feed, since, for example, the improvement of the digestibility of a specific AA by the enzyme will depend on its non-digestible quantity (fraction of indigestible AA) in each feed. Carbohydrases also improve fat digestibility, so it is necessary to know the amount of undigested fat in the diet. 3-Considering that almost all poultry diets contain phytases and carbohydrates, because they improve efficiency and sustainability, we need to know their individual effect (to prove that each one is efficient), and the effect of both functioning as a multicomplex of enzymes to determine a unique matrix. 4-As enzymes are quite different in their kinetics and activities (it is obviously to define by 6-phytase instead 3-phytase, who works on GH-10 or 11 or both?). So, each group of enzymes must develop its own model, thus based on its physico-chemical characteristics, on different levels of phytate, different types and levels of Arabinoxylan and other NSPs, also based on the indigestible fraction of nutrients, which requires analytical knowledge about ingredient composition, in vitro tests, digestibility and performance trials. The effect on gut health can be considered included if the enzymatic effect on net energy is also studied for each multicomplex. I hope that this view can contribute to this discussion.
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Mel Raymundo
19 de octubre de 2024
Hi All. As we all know that enzymes are very heat sensitive. Let's also check our feedmill parameters. If we are using Pellet Mill let's be careful in our meal temperature not to exceed 80-85°C. Or if we are using PPLA it will be an advantage. Thanks
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