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Oral lesions in chickens can be caused by trichothecene mycotoxins (for example T2) but there are other causes including any contact toxins (CuSO4), excessive CuSO4 and physically rough forms of particulate Calcium. Mycotoxin binder salesmen regard oral lesions as pathognomic for lack of mycotoxin binder in the feed and diagnosticians always worry that a negative mycotoxin assay is a sampling artefact. This case study made me realize that oral lesions are not always associated with...
INTRODUCTION Heritage chickens are important for breeders and industry to protect valuable genes and traits over the long term. However, 50% or more of the genetic diversity is absent in commercial pure lines (FAO, 2007; Muir et al., 2008). Therefore, preserving potentially valuable genes by conducting research with heritage breeds is important. Changes in live weight and proportional growth of body components as affected by genotype and environmental factors are defined as...
The purpose of a minimum ventilation system is to bring in small amounts of cold fresh air into a house and to warm it as much as possible before it moves down to floor level so as not to chill the birds and to maximize the litter drying...
Michael Binder, Vice President Sustainability Development at Evonik Animal Nutrition, points out Evonik’s commitment to sustainability performance with a focus on a positive impact for society, supporting sustainable livestock production in Brazil and around the world...
By: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Eggs are one of nature’s most nutritious and economical foods. But it’s important that you take care when handling and preparing fresh eggs and egg products.
The inside of eggs that appear...
I. INTRODUCTION
The recent major drop in the cost of DNA sequencing, combined with advances in the annotation of 16S rRNA gene microbial databases and analysis tools, have all contributed to the “golden age of microbial ecology” (Oakley et al., 2014). Poultry researchers have leveraged and applied these advances to define approaches that may be taken to manipulate microbiota to improve a number of poultry production steps. One of the major issues in...
I. INTRODUCTION The profitability of the egg industry at commercial farm level is influenced by key production traits such as feed consumption, feed efficiency and egg quality. These measures of profitability are primarily controlled by genetics, but are also influenced by environmental factors leading up to the onset of lay and beyond. Consequently, inconsistency in voluntary feed intake and hen body weight can result in variations in feed efficiency, egg production and egg...
I. INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades, laying hen performance potential has largely been improved by genetic selection: egg production increased from 11.8 to 21.0 kg eggs per hen housed, FCR reduced from 3.29 to 1.96, mortality from 19.1 to 5.6% and body weight from 2.42 to 2.20 kg between 1970 and 2000 (Jeroch, 2011). Production cycles of 100 weeks without moulting will become commercially feasible based on improved laying persistence, although egg shell quality is still a...
I. INTRODUCTION Exogenous phytase improved ileal amino acid digestibility by an average of 5% based on 745 observations across 24 studies in a systematic review (Cowieson et al., 2017). Nevertheless, the post-enteral availability of amino acids is ultimately determined by their transition across enterocytes in the gut mucosa. Amino acids may be denied access to the portal circulation because they may enter numerous anabolic pathways, or they may be catabolized for energy...
Copper (Cu) is an essential component involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes. It must be supplemented in the trace mineral premix as the amount present in raw materials is inadequate to meet broiler requirements. At levels higher than nutritional requirements (up to 250 mg/kg), dietary Cu addition enhances growth performance by altering gut microbiota and enhancing nutrient absorption. Such high levels may irritate the gizzard and result in high Cu levels in the poultry litter...
Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) are worldwide-distributed viruses and are the causative agents of the inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens (1). IBH is characterized by hepatic necrosis with microscopic eosinophil or basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and mortality rates around 10% (2). FAdVs have been grouped into five species (FAdV-A to FAdV-E) on the basis of their genome structure and further divided into 12 serotypes (FAdV-1 to -8a and -8b to -11), based on a...
1. Introduction Recently, oxidative stress has become a major concern as a life threatening and a chronic-disease mediator [1–3]. The reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) are normally generated during the respiratory chain reaction in the mitochondria. Nevertheless, the excessive production of such ROS and RNS induces oxidative stress, homeostasis imbalance and subsequent pathological conditions [4]. Bacterial infection activates immune cells and induces...
Background Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious viral disease that mainly affects the respiratory or digestive system. The avian influenza viruses (AIV) affect different species of wild and domestic birds [1]. They belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, having a single stranded RNA genome composed of eight segments that code for more than 11 viral proteins. The Hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) genes code for the major virus surface glycoproteins [2]. Based on their...
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are structurally diverse compounds produced by filamentous fungi. Contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem worldwide (Hussein and Brasel, 2001). The major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring in cereal grains, animal feeds, and forages are the trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins. Other important Fusarium mycotoxins include moniliformin and fusaric acid (D’Mello et al., 1999). More...
Digest FaSt is an effective biosurfactant that combines the emulsifying activity of lysophospholipids together the activity of botanic components. Digest FaSt ensures an excellent digestibility of fats and availability of energy as it acts as a natural emulsifier.
*Certain information associated with products, their composition and claims may be different depending on the geographical region and may not be applicable in all countries. Liptosa reserves the right to adapt to the requirements...
1. Introduction In free-range and aviary housing systems, individual hen behavior can vary significantly, such that, some hens rarely access the outdoors while others utilize the range regularly [1–4]. Free-range and aviary housing systems provide hens with horizontal and vertical space, allowing for various choices, opportunities, and interactions; including dust bathing, sunbathing, perching, and exploration which are believed to improve hen welfare [5,6]. However, not...
INTRODUCTION Producing food from farmed animals is a large and very complex process that occurs in integrated networks made up of many individual animal producers, supporting businesses (veterinarians, feed suppliers, animal haulers, animal marketers, etc.), and processors (slaughter plants) (1–4). Farmed animal food has many names including Agri-Food systems, food animal value chains, food supply chains, livestock production systems, and others. For simplicity...
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Broiler diets are mainly composed of vegetable feedstuffs. These ingredients usually consist of high amount of P in the phytate form (60 to 80%). The phytate form that is found in plants is mostly unavailable to be used for broilers [1]. Phytate is negatively charged under many pH conditions, and because of this property, phytate can form complexes with positively charged molecules and reduce their digestibility. Forming complexes with other nutrients can...