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Energy in poultry diets

While protein, vitamins and minerals are referred to as nutrients, energy -the 4th and most costly part of the diet- is not a nutrient but the property of energy yielding nutrients. Dietary nutrients that yield energy are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary energy level is the main factor influencing feed intake, as birds will, under normal circumstances, eat to satisfy their energy needs. Therefore the dietary nutrients, protein vitamins and minerals should vary in relation to the dietary energy content of the diet, if they are not to become deficient, with low feed intakes, or overconsumed, with low energy diets. While there are a number of factors, such as level of protein, balance of essential amino acids and perhaps level of some of the other dietary nutrients, that can influence the cost of a diet, the level of dietary energy is usually the main factor influencing diet cost.
Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón
North Carolina State University - NCSU
North Carolina State University - NCSU
Edgar Oviedo-Rondón (North Carolina State University) went over the research presented in different papers on this subject, during IPPE 2022 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Peter Selle
The University of Sydney
The University of Sydney
I. INTRODUCTION The concept of “fast” and “slow” proteins in human nutrition was enunciated by Beaufrère et al. (2000) and consideration has been given to protein and starch digestive dynamics in poultry by Liu and Selle (2015). However, the digestion rate of protein has a greater bearing on broiler growth performance than that of starch (Liu et al. 2014). Thus, the objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of ten nutritionally...
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Samiru Sudharaka
USDA - United States Department of Agriculture
USDA - United States Department of Agriculture
Dietary fat and oil are potential alternative energy sources for fast growing broiler chickens (Meng et al., 2004). Nevertheless, hampered fat digestion and absorption were reported in young broiler chickens with incompletely developed digestive tract (Al-Marzooqi and Leeson, 2000). Addition of emulsifier and lipases to a diet is one strategy to improve energy utilization and subsequent growth performance in broiler chickens when fed a high fat diet (Siyal et al., 2017). Studies...
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Lukas Bauer
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Let’s talk about Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). In this video, Lukas Bauer, Manager Technical Consultancy for GuanAMINO® at Evonik Animal Nutrition, highlights why GAA is so crucial for Improving animal’s performance land to optimized production costs ...
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Laura Gasco
Laura Gasco and 3 more
Università degli Studi di Torino
Università degli Studi di Torino
1. Introduction It is well known that female and male broilers chickens are separately reared in the Italian production system, as the consumers seek three different market classes of birds: the so-called light-, medium- and heavy-size broilers. In particular, heavy birds are male broiler chickens that reach 3.4–3.6 kg of live weight during 54–58 day rearing cycles, in order to provide carcasses around 2.5- to 2.6-kg for the production of cut-up and further processed...
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Mohammad Hosein Shahir
Zanjan University
INTRODUCTION Leucine (Leu) is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that is essential for poultry species. It is one of the most potent amino acids regarding its effects on protein synthesis and degradation, energy balance regulation, modulation of insulin secretion, a nitrogen donor for muscle production and a critical regulator to initiate the translation and protein synthesis (Antony et al. , 2002; Norton et al. , 2006; Wu, 2009). Leu acts as a signal that...
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Todd Applegate
Todd Applegate and 2 more
University of Georgia
University of Georgia
Soybean meal (SBM) is an ingredient with a high digestibility of protein, Lys, and Met. An optimal heating process of SBM is required to eliminate antinutritional components that negatively interfere with digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. The effect of 3 commercial SBM batches were subjected to different heat treatments to evaluate its effect on growth performance and intestinal integrity. A total of 1,860 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were vaccinated at 1d of age with a...
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Victor Naranjo Haro
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
A study was conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) reduction with amino acid (AA) balanced diets on growth, carcass yields, litter characteristics, and ecological footprint of feeds in mixed-sex broilers. A total of 2,688 Cobb MV × 500 FF broilers were allotted to 4 treatments (14 replicates of 48 birds per pen) from 11 to 36 d of age reared in an open-sided barn. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control diet (C) with DL-Met+L-Lys+L-Thr, 2) C+L-Val 3) C+L-Val+L-Ile and...
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INTRODUCTION It is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feedstuffs and diets, either for least-cost formulation or for adapting feed supply to the metabolizable energy requirements of broilers. Unfortunately, such energy is not used with 100% of efficiency for production, because during metabolism, around 15% of the energy is wasted as heat, and this is commonly referred to as heat increment or specific dynamic action. In fact, net energy values vary with bird...
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Introduction Barley ranks fourth in global cereal production after corn, wheat and rice. About 65% of the world’s barley produced is fed to animals, including poultry. Australia is a significant global producer of barley, ranking in the top five countries with about 5% of global production and is among the top three barley exporters accounting for about 30% of malt and 20% of feed barley trade. Australia is a reliable supplier of two row...
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Mingan Choct
Mingan Choct and 5 more
University of New England
University of New England
Dietary protease supplementation has been observed to improve broiler growth performance and amino acid digestibility (Angel et al., 2011; Fru-Nji et al., 2011). Improvements in broiler energy utilisation have also been observed with supplemental protease (Sorbara, 2009; Freitas et al., 2011). These positive extra-proteinaceous effects may be influenced by age and diet type. In addition, these effects may vary throughout the broiler small intestine. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to...
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Improving poultry meat quality along with cutting down the cost of production has been one of the major objectives of most farmers and nutritionists. To achieve this objective, several strategies have been adopted, one of which is dietary energy management. Energy is the foremost important and largest part of poultry feed. This energy is either comes from grains like corn, wheat, soy, etc or through fat. ...
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Aaron Cowieson
Aaron Cowieson and 2 more
dsm-firmenich
I. INTRODUCTION While the inclusion of feed enzymes is routine in poultry fed sorghum-based diets, the effects of these enzymes are often muted or substandard, especially with phytase (Selle et al., 2018). The exact mechanism for this underperformance is not known, however, it is most likely caused by one or all of three key endogenous grain components: kafirin, phytate and phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds,...
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Velmurugu Ravindran
Massey University
Massey University
I. INTRODUCTION Estimating the available energy of feed ingredients is fundamental to formulating a well-balanced diet and lower the production cost. Measurement of apparent metabolisable energy (AME) is the accepted standard procedure for evaluating the available energy value of ingredients for poultry, as it is simple and straightforward and considers most of the energy losses after digestion and metabolism (Carré et...
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Adisseo several studies have shown that the addition of a liquid source of methionine (OH-Methionine) may lead to power savings of up to 13% compared to the powder form (DL-Methionine) when pelleting. This conclusion on the beneficial impact of liquid methionine was obtained in two trials conducted in TECALIMAN, the French technical center for Feed, in their pilot pellet mill (2016 and 2020). Theses tests assess the pelleting behavior of complete feed by varying formula and...
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Introduction Sorghum ranks fifth in global cereal production after corn, wheat, rice and barley. Most of the world’s sorghum grain is fed to animals, including poultry, but it is also used for food (Africa) and alcohol (ethanol, beer in Africa and baijiu in China). World sorghum production for the last 5 years averaged about 63 million metric tonne (Mmt), the USA being the largest producer (about 12 Mmt or 18% of world production). Australian production averaged...
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Digest FaSt is an effective biosurfactant that combines the emulsifying activity of lysophospholipids together the activity of botanic components. Digest FaSt ensures an excellent digestibility of fats and availability of energy as it acts as a natural emulsifier. *Certain information associated with products, their composition and claims may be different depending on the geographical region and may not be applicable in all countries. Liptosa reserves the right to adapt to the requirements...
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Robert Swick
Robert Swick and 4 more
University of New England
University of New England
I. INTRODUCTION The most important cost component of broiler feed relates to energy, as this may account for up to 75% of feed costs (van der Klis & Kwakernaak, 2008). Therefore, more accurate evaluation of feed energy in broiler production is imperative for environmental and financial reasons. The metabolisable energy (ME) system is currently the preferred measure for determining energy utilisation in poultry feed. However, this system does not give a complete picture of...
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Aurélie Preynat
Adisseo
I. INTRODUCTION Metabolizable energy (ME), digestible amino acids (dAA) and available phosphorus (avP) are the largest and most expensive components in broiler diets, considerable fractions of which still pass through the digestive tract undigested and are lost via excretion (Ravindran et al., 2013), hence, emphasizing the need for higher nutrient usage efficiency than current practice. Ability of carbohydrases to degrade non-starch polysaccharides and liberate caged starch and...
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Prof. Paul Iji
Prof. Paul Iji and 4 more
University of New England
University of New England
I. INTRODUCTION A recent on Australian sorghum by Selle et al. (2017) that sorghum produced in Australia is used almost exclusively for feed, especially cattle, pigs and poultry. The objective of the present study is to assess the response of broiler chickens to diets based on sorghum, when supplemented with a combination of enzymes, targeting different substrates. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 648 male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens was randomly...
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