Todd Callaway

INTRODUCTION Antibiotics have given significant contributions to the human food production chain during their almost 80 years of use. Such contributions include a reduced incidence of bacterial disease, improved animal health status, and an overall enhancement in production efficiency (1, 2). However, due to concerns of antimicrobial resistance and its consequences to human health, the entire food ...

INTRODUCTIONThe poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is home to a complex, dynamic, and variable bacterial-dominated microbiota (Zhu et al., 2002). This GIT microbiome variation may be explained by different host characteristics and environmental factors (Kers et al., 2018), including birds age (Ballou et al., 2016; Pedroso et al., 2016), sex (Torok et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2013), type and breed ...