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Energy in poultry diets
While protein, vitamins and minerals are referred to as nutrients, energy -the 4th and most costly part of the diet- is not a nutrient but the property of energy yielding nutrients. Dietary nutrients that yield energy are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary energy level is the main factor influencing feed intake, as birds will, under normal circumstances, eat to satisfy their energy needs. Therefore the dietary nutrients, protein vitamins and minerals should vary in relation to the dietary energy content of the diet, if they are not to become deficient, with low feed intakes, or overconsumed, with low energy diets. While there are a number of factors, such as level of protein, balance of essential amino acids and perhaps level of some of the other dietary nutrients, that can influence the cost of a diet, the level of dietary energy is usually the main factor influencing diet cost.
I. INTRODUCTION Wheat and sorghum are the most common feed grains for chicken-meat production in Australia. In two direct comparisons birds offered maize-based diets were better able to accommodate dietary crude protein (CP) reductions than wheat-based diets (Chrystal et al., 2021; Greenhalgh et al., 2022). One underlying reason for this difference appears to be the higher protein contents of wheat than maize and, similarly, wheat (n = 27) contained higher protein levels (115.5...
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1. Introduction Soybeans originated in East Asia and were domesticated from wild soybeans (Glycine soja) between 1700 and 1100 B.C. and are now grown worldwide [1]. However, soybean production and utilization were limited within or near its center of Origin (the Orient) for centuries. The first recorded use of soybeans in the U.S. was in 1765 in Savannah, GA. It is thought that Samuel Bowen, a former seaman of the East India Company, brought soybeans to the U.S. from China via...
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January 25, 2027
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I. INTRODUCTION Sustainability comprises three principal components: the environment (demand for resources and potential for environmental pollution), ethical issues (welfare of man and his animals), and economic robustness (FAO, 2012). At first glance, insect protein is a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources such as soybean meal. Insect production requires less land, water and other resources than traditional protein sources, and they can be raised on...
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Introduction Poultry scientists have long discussed and debated how the energy values of feed ingredients should be expressed (Zuidhof 2019). Pesti (2024) suggested that it is time for a paradigm shift in the way feed ingredient nutrient contents are described, and labeled the new categories collectively the Armidale method (see Fig. 1 for examples). He also proposed expanding the net energy (NE) to NEATP, based on the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) system of...
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Laying hens have a cyclic reproductive physiology that requires high dietary protein and energy levels for yolk and albumen formation in the early morning and high dietary Ca levels for shell and membrane formation in the afternoon/evening. Therefore, feeding one diet throughout each day may be problematic as there is excess Ca in the morning and excess protein/amino acids and energy in the afternoon/evening. To minimise excess nutrients, there is increasing interest in alternative...
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1. Introduction Poultry is the most consumed animal protein source in the world, and the trend is expected to continue increasing [1]. The world population reached 8 billion in 2022, and is likely to reach 9 billion in 2037 [2], which will continue to increase pressure on the global chicken-meat industry. One way to meet this increasing demand is to improve the efficiency of chicken-meat production. Precision nutrition is a strategy to improve growth efficiency, reducing the...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Nelson Ruiz (Nelson Ruiz Nutrition, LLC) discusses the correlation between poultry amino acid digestibility, KOH protein solubility, and trypsin inhibitor activity in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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Growth of the modern broiler is very adaptable to a vast range of diet nutrient densities, and so formulation matrices are greatly impacted by prevailing economic situations. The broiler still eats quite precisely to its energy needs and alters its feed intake in response to variable diet energy level. For example, 25-35d broilers can be fed diets a low as 2850 kcal/kg or as high as 3500 kcal/kg as seen in some locations, and growth rate is little impacted if the bird can adjust its feed...
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Introduction It is assumed that net energy (NE) represents the most accurate way to value a feed for productive purposes (Barzegar et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2019). This explains the variations in the metabolic utilization of metabolizable energy (ME) from nutrients and ingredients (Noblet, 2015), explains the loss of energy as heat (Swick et al., 2013), and allows for more accurate prediction of the productive response of animals. The composition of diets (type...
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All commercial poultry eat with reasonably good precision to balance nutrient intake with requirements. Short term, there can be some variation in feed intake related to local situations, but long-term, the mechanisms of feed intake regulation are quite precise. Matching nutrient needs with intake is an obvious inherent evolutionary necessity to ensure survival and reproduction. A bird’s daily consumption of feed ultimately governs its health, growth, body composition and potential for...
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This research evaluates the nutritional potential of low-oil distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of ethanol production increasingly available in the global market. The study, conducted by Arturo Cortes-Cuevas, José Arce-Menocal, Ernesto Ávila-González, and Carlos López-Coello, was published in Veterinaria México OA, DOI: 10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.3.543. As the ethanol industry shifts toward extracting more oil for biodiesel,...
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1. Introduction Corn plays an important role in broiler diets due to its high energy contribution, which makes it an essential ingredient for optimal development and productive performance of broilers [1]. On average, corn provides around 3378 kcal/kg ME [2], which represents around 65% of the energy content of a typical broiler diet [3]. Most of the energy value of corn comes from its high amount of digestible starch. Additionally, corn is rich in essential amino acids such as...
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Fran Alonso, Veterinarian and Global Commercial Director at Liposa, explores advanced approaches to maximizing fat digestibility and dietary energy efficiency. *Certain information associated with products, their composition and claims may be different depending on the geographical region and may not be applicable in all countries. Liptosa reserves the right to adapt to the requirements and legislation in each case. The information and technical recommendations provided...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Considering the feed costs associated with producing broiler chickens can account for 60 to 70% of total production costs, the use of low-cost unconventional ingredients has become common practice when formulating diets. Such alternatives may include by-products that result from food crops used for human consumption. Global mushroom cultivation has increased over the last 30 yr (FAOSTAT, 2022), and as the world's second-largest producer of mushrooms,...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Soybean meal is the most commonly used oilseed meal in United States poultry diets. Soybeans are primarily grown for their oil content and a by-product of the oil extraction process is defatted soybean meal. Soybean meal is often referred to as the “Gold Standard” of protein ingredients used for poultry because it contains a high amount of protein, e.g., 44 to 49 % CP, and an amino acid profile that is complementary to that of corn and other cereal...
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This research evaluates how the oxidative status of soybean oil, a critical energy source in poultry nutrition, directly impacts bird performance and energy utilization. Conducted by Brian J. Kerr, Victoria C. Wilson, Patrick C. von Schamburg, and Carl M. Parsons, this study was published in Poultry Science (2025), DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104725. By subjecting soybean oil to various thermal treatments, the authors aimed to quantify the relationship between primary and secondary peroxidation...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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Effective poultry nutrition depends heavily on the quality of protein sources, with soybean meal (SBM) serving as the industry benchmark. This technical analysis, based on research and protocols established by Mahmoud Abdallah and the technical team at Advance Support , highlights the critical balance required during the thermal processing of soybeans to neutralize anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) without compromising...
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Opeadura Osunbami (Kalmbach Feeds) explains the influence of broiler breed on production outcomes and profitability, while adjusting digestible lysine and amino acid levels, in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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Diego Martinez (University of Arkansas) comments on his research on the classic net energy system and its ability to predict protein accretion in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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