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Energy in poultry diets
While protein, vitamins and minerals are referred to as nutrients, energy -the 4th and most costly part of the diet- is not a nutrient but the property of energy yielding nutrients. Dietary nutrients that yield energy are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary energy level is the main factor influencing feed intake, as birds will, under normal circumstances, eat to satisfy their energy needs. Therefore the dietary nutrients, protein vitamins and minerals should vary in relation to the dietary energy content of the diet, if they are not to become deficient, with low feed intakes, or overconsumed, with low energy diets. While there are a number of factors, such as level of protein, balance of essential amino acids and perhaps level of some of the other dietary nutrients, that can influence the cost of a diet, the level of dietary energy is usually the main factor influencing diet cost.
Steve Leeson (Professor Emeritus, University of Guelph) explains the advantages of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AMEn) over other methodologies, and comments on the relevance of nitrogen retention in this Engormix interview....
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Usage of nutritional emulsifiers in animal feed offers a valid strategy to improve energy, fat and protein digestibility. There are numerous nutritional emulsifiers currently on the market containing a range of active ingredients. Most emulsifiers contain phospholipids or lysophospholipids (LPL), present in lecithin or lysolecithin. An alternative active ingredient is glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate (GPGR). It is important to know the hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) value of...
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I. INTRODUCTION Soybean meal (SBM) is the most important plant protein source in broiler diets. Although most of the proteins in SBM are highly digestible, some proteins including glycinin, protease inhibitors, and antigenic proteins are indigestible and can cause intestinal damage and impair immune functions resulting in sub-optimal growth performance (Pan et al., 2016). The supplementation of SBM with appropriate commercially available proteases provides a potential strategy to...
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by Lyndsey Johnston
Insects and derived products are possible alternative feedstuffs to improve the sustainability of the livestock sector due to several promising attributes such as limited space requirements for growing larvae, short productive cycles, limited water needs and the suitability of some species to mass rearing. Also, some insect species can contribute to circular economy models by upcycling organic side-streams from other industries into high-value...
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Speculation over the Provisional Ruling on Anti-dumping Duties of Lysine by the EU Against China
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I. INTRODUCTION Improved production efficacy in laying hens has been achieved by selecting individual birds that lay longer clutches of eggs (Dunn, 2013; Bain et al., 2016; Preisinger, 2018). In addition, the length of the productive life of hens has been extended to one hundred weeks of age or more. These 'long-life' layers were predicted to produce 500 eggs by 100 weeks of age (Bain et al., 2016; Hy-Line, 2020), and this is now being achieved commercially (Gautron et al.,...
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1. Introduction The burden of high feed costs in the poultry sector calls for deeper exploration of underutilized alternatives that are rich in nutrients and have the potential to reduce livestock feed prices. Indigenous vegetables such as amaranth crops can play a significant role in the reduction of poultry expenses. The probable use of amaranth inclusion in poultry diets as a protein source has remained a subject of interest in scientific research [1]. Amaranth is considered...
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1. Introduction “Feed-food competition” was defined as “the tensions and trade-offs between two alternative uses for edible crops: direct consumption by humans versus feeding livestock” (1). However, feed-food competition includes the use of production resources, such as land, wild fish, and water, and labor, capital, and ecosystem services. The allocation of these resources between all their possible uses is often determined by which end use is most...
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Aaron Cowieson (DSM) talks about enzymes, amino acids and feed formulation in poultry nutrition, during this Engormix interview....
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New nutritional solution in heat stress management. <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>: An ally to fight heat stress
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Frank Ivey (Feed2Gain) shares his experience and insights on diet changes, cost savings in formulations, as well as how the impact of enzymes is evaluated, in this Engormix interview....
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Feed cost accounts for the largest proportion of the production cost of poultry and swine production. Further, the recent disruptions in the supply chain for feed ingredients and the continued consumer demand for food of animal origin that is sustainably produced dictates the need for solutions that utilize locally available resources. In the face of these challenges, significant progress towards a resilient Canadian animal nutrition industry can be realized by reducing dependency on...
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I. INTRODUCTION Stephen Jay Gould famously introduced the term ‘non-overlapping magisteria’ in a Natural History article in March 1997, to describe the separation between scientific and religious lines of enquiry (Gould, 1997). From a broiler nutrition perspective, it would be accurate to represent digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy research, and digestible P and Ca research, using the same vocabulary. Despite these distinct research domains, considerable...
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Pressure on feed cost is and will remain a decisive factor for profitability and sustainability in pork and poultry production. In the backdrop of soaring inflation, other production costs have escalated. Corollary minimizing the costs associated with production has never been of greater importance. Arguably, feed formulation is a precise science that seek to compute combination of feedstuffs to meet the requirement of an animal at least/best cost. Traditionally, the two primary factors that...
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Woody breast (WB) and white striping (WS) in broiler breast meat are emerging issues in the poultry industry worldwide. These conditions are associated with high breast yielding, heavy broilers, and they have negative quality impacts and major economic implications. Nutritional strategies have been studied by researchers in efforts to reduce the prevalence of WB in broilers, without negative impacts on live performance. Dietary inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been evaluated as a...
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I. INTRODUCTION The continuous genetic improvements are increasing the first commercial egg size produced and extending the production life of the layer hens worldwide. These improvements are related to what happens at rearing and at the start of the production. Early studies showed that while approximately 60 to 75% of the calcium destined for the shell comes directly from intestinal absorption (Driggers and Comar, 1949), up to 36% could be traced to bones (Mueller et al., 1964)....
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Jonathan Cade comments on his new role as Chairman of the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
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Reduced protein (RP) diets have received increasing interest in poultry nutrition due to the potential benefits in feed cost and environmental footprint (Liu et al., 2021). Understanding the order of limiting amino acids (AA) in RP diets is critical to ensure requirements are met cost effectively. To date, only the first three limiting AA (including lysine [Lys], methionine [Met], and threonine [Thr]) have been demonstrated in RP layer diets, while the order of the next most limiting AA is...
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I. INTRODUCTION Maintenance of intestinal integrity is of fundamental importance to the overall health and growth performance of the bird. Disturbances in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract can result in inflammatory process, loss of intestinal integrity, low nutrient digestibility and poor growth performance. In a situation of intestinal inflammation, pro-inflammatory interleukins such as interleukin-12 are produced with the objective to defending the host from any...
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Feeding meat-chicken with reduced crude protein (CP) diets commonly reduces N release in the environment. However, this is often associated with poor performance and a heightened body fat content due to a high energy-to-protein ratio. Reducing feed CP content affects all amino acids (AA), but the most limiting essential AA (EAA) are commonly considered during feed formulation. It was realised that a chicken body has a constant composition in EAA and non-EAA (NEAA), or EAA-to-true protein...
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I. INTRODUCTION With the recent COVID-19 pandemic disrupting the regular supply chain in agriculture and threatening food security, it is imperative to look for innovative ideas to meet the population's food demand (FAO, 2021). The agriculture sector is pressured to offer sustainable, economical, and ethically-produced animal protein. Egg, a cheap and relatively easy-to-produce commodity, is one of the best candidates for such protein. Thus, there is a surging increase in layer...
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Diego Martínez (University of Arkansas) An energy system is needed to optimize feed formulation and influence economics and sustainability. This study assessed the sensitivity of productive energy (PE) and classic net energy (CNE) to BW gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and net energy for gain (NEg) and maintenance (NEm), and developed models to predict BWG, FCR, and protein accretion (PAC). 1920 chicks in 96 pens were assigned to one...
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Diego Martínez (University of Arkansas) explains how productive energy is a better predictor of performance, body weight gain, feed conversion and protein accretion, among other factors, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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