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The definition of disease in the broad context is any deviation from the normal state of health. Diseases can be divided into two broad categories: Infectious and noninfectious. Infectious diseases include those caused mainly by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, and parasites. Non-infectious diseases can be further divided into three categories: management-related diseases, toxicities, and nutritional diseases (nutritional deficiencies/imbalance). Toxicities and nutritional diseases are...
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INTRODUCTION The storage of hatching eggs is a common routine in hatcheries and varying in duration depending on hatchery capacity and the demand of day old chicks (Gharib, 2013). In some cases, the need of extending the period of storage more than seven days may takes place. Hatching eggs are stored, generally, to minimize transport cost or to collect enough eggs for high capacity incubators. Egg storage for more than 7 days deteriorated the egg white, increased embryonic...
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Lack of adequate controls or decontamination procedures render many breeding chicken flocks susceptible to avian salmonellosis, either from contaminated environments or between birds and their young within the flock. Salmonella Pullorum...
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Introduction Broiler diets consist basically of plant-derived ingredients. These feeds are characterized by having a large part of phosphorus in the form of phytate (Rostagno et al., 2011), which is poorly hydrolyzed by monogastric animals (Ravindran et al., 1995), which do not have a significant activity of enzymes such as phytase throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, in addition to complexing with phosphorus, the phytate molecule is also able to bind to other...
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The growth graph of the global animal feed enzymes market is expected to display an upward trend in the coming years, due to the increasing preference of the people for nutritious diet along with a considerable rise in the disposable incomes, especially among the developing nations. In a report by the Government of Australia, the global consumption of meat increased to reach 360 million tons in the country by 2018.
With an evident increase in the consumption of animal by-products,...
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Genetic progress in laying hens has never been so clearly visible in the field throughout the past decades. Modern selection methods, such as genomics and fully automated measurements, as well as massive investment in the expansion of our R&D programme have...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Creatine is a necessary component in energy metabolism, supplying phosphate groups to adenosine diphosphate and recycling them to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that can be used for maintenance and growth. This creatine-ATP recycling system does not occur in all cells, only in those where there is great variability in energy demand, including muscle cells [1]. Creatine is especially important in growing animals such as broiler chickens, as it is not only...
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In the past, nutritionists did not pay attention to fibre in poultry feed formulations. Step by step the researcher as well as the industry in this decade has realised the importance of fibre in a poultry feeding strategy. The use of fibre in poultry has been, and still is, a major research topic at universities around the globe. Professor Mateos group from Spain as well as Prof. Svihus from Norway did a lot of research to explore the effect of different fibre sources on poultry health...
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Introduction Poultry, also recognized as universal food, as poultry meat and eggs enjoy zero religious’ restrictions, unlike pork and beef [1]. Being universal and accepted by all religions, the demand of poultry increased globally hence the trend of rearing is also increased. Poultry meat and eggs are the main source of protein, household nutrition and income in developing countries [2]. In Somali economy, still the Livestock sector acts as a crucial component and becomes...
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Introduction The Newcastle disease (ND) is the most economically important disease in poultry, due to the high rate of morbidity, mortality, slaughter, and associated sanitary measures in poultry farms, particularly in developing countries [1]. ND is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. This virus is highly contagious in all the age groups and can infect many species of domestic and wild birds [2]. The major clinical signs of ND are depression, weakness,...
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Understanding Postbiotics: Safmannan's Influence on Intestinal Microbiota
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INTRODUCTION Pioneer colonization of intestinal microbiota has a major effect on driving the maturation and composition course of microbial communities over time (Juricova et al., 2013; Rodrigues et al., 2019; Wilson et al., 2019). Later, the cross-talk between microbiota composition and immune cells has been highly associated with the establishment of immune competence (Crhanova et al., 2011; Chung et al., 2012; Schokker et al., 2017; Duan, 2018). Germ-free mouse models have...
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Curious as to how advances in engineering have benefited the poultry industry? PSA sat down with Doug Britton, Georgia Tech Research Institute, to discuss the technology evolution and the direction it is headed. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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The Role of Amino Acids in the Immune System – A special focus on broilers.
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Over 900,000 analytical results from more than 18,000 samples of more than 500 feed raw materials from all over the world
Analysis of amino acid and fatty acid profiles, proximates, minerals, energy and various other quality parameters
Now available as a web application with regular updates
...
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INTRODUCTION Supplementing poultry feed with specific enzymes improves the nutritional value of feed ingredients by increasing the efficiency of digestion and nutrient uptake. These enzymes help to increase the availability of nutrients particularly starch, protein, amino acids and minerals such as phosphorus and calcium from feed ingredients. Variability in the nutrient content of maize has been demonstrated to be as great as that observed for wheat and barley...
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Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association. The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed many aspects of life, but how about for a chicken? Roy Brister, of Tyson Foods, shares some insight on how feed formulation had to change due to a domino effect brought on by the pandemic....
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INTRODUCTION Commercial poultry production is associated with a range of stresses, including environmental, technological (Surai and Fisinin, 2016a), nutritional, and internal/biological (Surai and Fisinin, 2016b) ones. It is believed that these stresses are responsible for decreased productive and reproductive performance of poultry (Surai, 2002), and, at the molecular level, most stresses are associated with oxidative stress and damage to important...
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Description of Problem The demand for livestock products is increasing due to growing human population (1). Poultry products particularly broiler meat has a great potential to meet this demand due to its low feed conversion ratio (FCR) and short rearing period. Maize remains an integral component of broiler chickens feed and its inclusion in normal diets could be as high as 60% (2). The availability of maize all year round for poultry feed has reduced and this could be...
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1. Introduction Chicken eggs are considered as an important and inexpensive source of high-quality protein. In particular, eggs contain various fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that the human body requires to be healthy [1]. However, eggs are considered a major source of dietary cholesterol, since one egg contains more than 200 mg cholesterol. Therefore, egg consumption may lead to a significant elevation in plasma cholesterol levels and may increase the risk of...
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