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1. Introduction The mucosal lining of the small intestine is a highly functional epithelium comprised of absorptive, secretive and sensory cells, which are constantly renewed by multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISC). ISC reside within crypts, and constantly proliferate for self-renewal and generation of progenitor cells, which differentiate into the functional cells that line lumen-facing villi (Carulli et al., 2014; Potten and Loeffler, 1990). Compartmentalization of the...
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1. Introduction The occurrence of ‘wet litter’ in meat chicken sheds is associated with concerns regarding animal welfare, flock health, food safety, environmental impacts and reductions in production efficiency. Mitigating wet litter will only be achieved when there is thorough understanding of the multidimensional causal factors. This will require a multidisciplinary approach to understand the hydrology in the meat chicken shed micro-environment; the biological...
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A highly pathogenic strain of Avian Influenza (sometimes called bird flu) is currently spreading across the United States. The virus has been detected in six States since January 2022 (see Figure 1). Avian influenza: about the...
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by Sam Shafer
Switching from blue to red light in laying operations may benefit birds, but there are caveats
According to new research in The Journal of Applied Poultry Research , hens can benefit from both blue and red light—if these lights are provided at specific points in production. The study, led by scientists at Mississippi,...
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by Sam Shafer
Poultry scientists find hens prefer lower UVA/B light
A new Poultry Science ® study suggests hens do like sunlight—just not too much. In fact, by monitoring hen behavior under different strengths of UVA and UVB light, the researchers found that hens prefer to spend more time in lower levels...
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by Sam Shafer
Farms can take three specific steps to prevent infections in broilers
In the battle between biosecurity and disease, which safety measures have the best track records at preventing infections from spreading?
For a new study, a team of poultry scientists in Germany compared biosecurity measures on farms with the incidence of cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection that can make broiler carcasses unfit for...
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by Sam Shafer
New research shows the power of vaccination plus feed additives for birds facing intestinal parasites
Necrotic enteritis (NE) can strike young birds seemingly out of nowhere. The disease, which is driven by bacteria and marked by lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, can lead to massive flock mortality.
Poultry scientists have found that flocks can be predisposed to NE when they are...
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1. Introduction Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is highly pathogenic and causes infections in poultry that result in significant economic losses in commercial poultry operations worldwide [1–4]. An MG infection causes avian respiratory mycoplasmosis, which can lead to chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys, with subsequent increases in mortality and reduced growth rates [3,4]. It is well known that field strain MG infections reduce table...
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INTRODUCTION Least cost feed formulation relies on the assumption of additivity of digestible nutrients from the contributing ingredients. It is generally accepted that assessment of the nutritional value of individual raw materials underestimates their eventual contribution in a complex diet because of the often-substantial influence of endogenous loss. The premise is that a proportion of nutrients that leave the terminal ileum are inevitable (or “basal”) losses and...
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Hypothesis Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from arginine (Arg) and glycine (Gly) and subsequently methylated by S-adenosylmethione to creatine (2). Heat-stressed birds respond to the presence of higher uric acid concentration and changes in electrolyte balance by increasing the usage of osmoprotectants. These osmolytes are viable endogenous precursors for Gly (3). On the other hand, high supplemental lysine level on modern genetic broiler...
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Background & Objectives Calcium and phosphorus are considered to be the major macro-minerals in layer diets, due to their expressive contribution to the metabolism in birds and the quality of the eggs. Those two minerals are closely related in a such that a deficiency in one can interfere with the proper utilization of the other. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the requirement of Ca and P along with the correct synergy between them in layer diets....
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The International Production & Processing Expo (IPPE) offers attendees access to the latest in protein and feed technology through exhibits and educational programming. TECHTalks are free, 20-minute technical presentations, offered each day at IPPE. For the 2023 IPPE, 72 presentations will be given in the TECHTalks theaters in the B-Hall at Booths B3646 and B8675 and in the C-Hall at Booth C10611.
The TECHTalks presentations will address many topics, including food safety, animal...
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1. Introduction Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus and Penicillium species that can be found as a contaminant of poultry feeds. OTA contamination can occur from cool temperate to tropical regions (Northern and Southern America, Northern and Western Europe, Africa and South Asia) [1]. Dietary contamination by OTA also poses a big risk for animal health and is a food safety concern due to the transfer of this...
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For many years reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in biological systems has been considered to be detrimental. However, a pleasant face of ROS has received recently tremendous attention. Indeed, it has been proven that ROS participate in cell signalling, transcription factors regulation and vitagene activation to maintain optimal cellular redox balance and to provide an effective stress adaptation [1]. In fact, redox biology is a very rapidly developing area of modern biological...
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1 INTRODUCTION During the last decades, the productivity of laying hens has improved significantly, with higher number of eggs produced over the laying cycle and higher efficiency to utilize feed nutrients. This increase in productivity implies in a change in the requirements, and consequently, these hens become more demanding in nutrients, mainly amino acids (Elliot, 2008). Optimization of protein supply by understanding the amino acid needs of these hens requires a thorough...
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INTRODUCTION Dietary amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) have been demonstrated to affect BW, body composition, organ development, and feathering in broiler breeder pullets (Hudson et al., 2000; Ekmay, 2011; van Emous et al., 2013). Breeder pullets are fed to achieve target BW, and meeting growth objectives during the rearing phase has been related to improvements in reproductive parameters such as fertility, hatchability, and embryo mortality (Leeson and Summers, 2000;...
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Edgar Oviedo-Rondón (NC State University) discusses the importance of amino acids and how to find the proper levels to achieve better growth and development....
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