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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
There is increasing evidence that supplementing small amounts of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) into poultry diets has positive effects on bird performance and gastrointestinal health. Soluble XOS that reach the caeca intact are utilised by beneficial bacteria, inducing positive effects such as increased production of short chain fatty acids (Aachary & Prapulla, 2011). Commercial endo-xylanases are added to diets to reduce digesta viscosity, but have the side effect of producing...
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INTRODUCTION It is imperative to identify factors that inhibit the digestibility of nutrients for successful commercial poultry production. The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) like substances of hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectin can reduce nutrient digestibility in poultry (Choct, 1999). Among the NSP, β-mannans are a group of hemicelluloses, which are present in many ingredients used for poultry feeds like soybean and other leguminous seeds. It occurs in the forms of...
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Wheat has traditionally been the target substrate ingredient for xylanase application, due to its high arabinoxylan content causing increased digesta viscosity. However, numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of supplementing non-viscous corn-based diets with xylanase, on broiler performance and energy, protein and dry matter digestibility (Rabello et al., 2021; Stefanello et al., 2016). This is thought to be attributable to production of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as a...
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I. Introduction Phytase, apart from increasing phosphorus (P) availability from plant ingredients, improves availability of non-P nutrients like Ca, amino acids (AA), and energy (AME) by facilitating the breakdown of phytate P and thus negating its antinutritional effects (Dersjant-Li et al. 2016). Phytase along with carbohydrase enzymes could improve productivity of chickens with a lower feed cost when proper downspec (reduction of nutrient levels in the diet) is applied. It is...
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Description of problem Feed ingredients and feed manufacturing account for 60 to 70% of production costs in an integrated poultry operation. Modern commercial broilers are fed predominately pelleted diets, and researchers have demonstrated how improving pellet quality (PQ), by increasing the percentage of pellets in the diet, further enhances bird performance (Proudfoot and Sefton, 1978; Dozier et al., 2010; Corzo et al., 2011; Lilly et al., 2011; Glover et al., 2016; Lemons and...
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in the second part of this interview, Dr. Koushik De, Director-Technical Services at Novus International South Central Asia, explains why we should care about Trypsin Inhibitor and how to deal with it in Soybean meal...
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Dr. John Thomson, U.S. Sales Manager for Feed Additives at AlzChem, points out how the 3rd evolution cellular nutrition concept influences price and increases performance
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Doug Korver (University of Alberta) explained how to better evaluate the use of this enzyme in the nutrition of laying hens, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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Creamino® is a natural source of energy in animal nutrition. With Creamino® we provide a creatine solution for animals and relief the animal from own creatine synthesis. Creatine is important for energy supply not only in muscle cells but also in macrophages and in the heart. Therefore, with Creamino® we supply energy as well for the immune system and stress tolerance. ...
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INTRODUCTION Conventional broiler production is dependent on maize as a source of energy and soybean meal as a source of protein. Nutrient digestibility of plant-based feeds in poultry is limited by the proportion of their components for which there are no corresponding endogenous enzyme secretions. These components include non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) that are present within the cell walls of maize and soybean meal 1,2 . The NSPs are either indigestible or of very...
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Enzyme supplements are used widely in poultry diets in an attempt to improve poultry performance, feed consumption, and also minimized environmental pollutions due to the reduced output of excreta 1 . Different enzyme supplements have been developed with respect to their target substrates in feed ingredients. Exogenous xylanase is an example of an enzyme supplement to improve nutritional factors by efficiently decomposing the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 2 ,...
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Introduction High cost of conventional ingredients such as maize as source of energy, soybean, groundnut cake and fish meal as source of protein in broiler’s diet has increased the cost of feed and consequently increased cost of production (Attia, 2015). The cost of feed represents about 75% of the total costs of animal production. Also, non-availability and competition existing among man, industry and livestock have necessitated the need to find cheap and available...
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Summary The short-term study was conducted to test the effects of phytase supplementation in laying hen diets during peak production on bone characteristics as well as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility. Problem A large portion of dietary phosphorus is not utilized by laying hens and is excreted in feces, which leads to phosphorus pollution in the environment. Adding inorganic phosphorus to poultry diets has also become much more expensive. Phytase...
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Brett Roosendaal (Nutrition Executive at Epol) comments on the different types of enzymes and their benefits when using soybean in animal nutrition, during this Engormix interview....
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This review examines the relative bioefficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) which includes chemical, metabolic, nutritional, and statistical aspects of its bioefficacy. The chemical, enzymatic and biological differences and similarities between these two products are explained and the evidence and reasons for HMTBA relative bioefficacy to DL-Met in monogastric animals are discussed. In addition, appropriate statistical methods for comparing the...
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Producers are concerned about the economic impact of dietary energy costs in broiler production, as feed expenses amount to nearly 50% of the total costs. As such, reducing dietary energy costs while improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) has been a focus of poultry producers for many ...
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Arabinoxylans (AX), a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and poorly digestible plant cell wall component, is by far the most important anti-nutritional factor in raw materials such as wheat and corn. Due to its abundance, location in the plant material and molecular structure, AX reduces feed digestibility considerably. Firstly, water-soluble AX will increase the viscosity of the digesta in the lumen, making digestion and absorption of nutrients extremely difficult. Also, unfavorable...
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Introduction The basic nutrients that poultry birds require for maintenance, growth and reproduction include carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. The energy and protein are the most important as well as expensive nutrients in poultry diet. Maize and soyabean meal are the conventional feed ingredients commonly used in poultry industry because of its nutrients composition and digestibility. In recent year skyrocketing prices of conventional protein sources like soyabean...
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Calcium digestibility can vary dramatically depending on the Ca source, limestone solubility, source of phytate and addition of phytase (Li et al., 2021). However, there is no agreement in the literature about the most appropriate method for determining Ca digestibility (Li et al., 2017). In the current study, the apparent ileal Ca and P digestibility was determined in diets varying in Ca content, with and without phytase supplementation, based on the short-term protocol described by Kim et...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of feeding xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), xylanase (XYL) and fermentable fibre, in the form of wheat bran (WB), on egg quality. It is theorised that WB stimulates and trains the microbiota in the hindgut to hydrolyse and ferment dietary xylan, and XOS and XYL may further upregulate xylan fermentation pathways, resulting in improved nutrient utilisation and thus egg quality. Isa Brown hens (n = 96 hens) were obtained at peak lay (39 weeks of age)...
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