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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
Introduction In developing countries, the poultry industry is experiencing some critical issues with animal feed prices, which are unpredictable in the current scenario, as raw ingredients, primarily corn and soybean, have been increasing in price day by day (Alagawany and Attia 2015). As a result, there is a need to consider some low-cost resources, such as agricultural by-products and other crops, which are significantly less expensive than conventional feed stuff. As a result,...
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Poultry production is entering an era of antibiotic reduction or production without antibiotics. In such a situation, nutrition plays a crucial role and enzymes can help by reducing feed costs; however, enzymes are more than a nutrient matrix. As science of application of enzymes in feed and their effects on digestion kinetics in the gut evolve, it is becoming increasingly clear how enzymes influence the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Dietary challenges posed by fibre...
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Presently livestock keepers require more competent exploitation of low-quality feedstuffs due to rising economic pressures. The animal's digestive system is not fully efficient. Poultry cannot digest approximately one fourth of the diet they are fed because the feed ingredients contain undegradable harmful factors that hinder the digestive process and/or the animal is devoid of the necessary enzymes needed to degrade certain complexes in the feed. Supplementation of feed with enzymes...
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In the past, nutritionists did not pay attention to fibre in poultry feed formulations. Step by step the researcher as well as the industry in this decade has realised the importance of fibre in a poultry feeding strategy. The use of fibre in poultry has been, and still is, a major research topic at universities around the globe. Professor Mateos group from Spain as well as Prof. Svihus from Norway did a lot of research to explore the effect of different fibre sources on poultry health...
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I. INTRODUCTION Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in metabolic processes and the third most costly nutrient in monogastric feed after energy and protein. All plant ingredients contain phytate (salt of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6) which is a source of phosphorus for farm animals. However, phytate has poor bioavailability for monogastric animals due to inadequacy of endogenous phytase activity and lower microbial degradation capacity in the digestive tract (Li...
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Tony Mcdougal, a freelance journalist, once wrote in Poultry World, "The rising demand for eggs, meat, and milk in recent decades has driven higher EU imports of grains and cereals from developing countries with more tropical climates, where the occurrence of mycotoxins is higher—thus raising the prevalence of mycotoxins in EU...
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Introduction Inert digestibility index markers are the anchor of many feeding trials designed to analyse nutrient utilisation and amino acid digestibility along the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Marker use is widely accepted as a method less laborious than total tract retention. Additionally, it enables the determination of digestibility along intestinal sections in ruminant and non-ruminant animals [1]. Digestibility markers, chromium dioxide, CrO 2 , or chromic...
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Evonik's animal feed solutions based on low-protein, amino acid enriched diets make animal husbandry more efficient and help save resources. With a growing global population and rising affluence in many regions, the appetite for meat is picking...
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Aaron Cowieson (DSM) talks about enzymes, amino acids and feed formulation in poultry nutrition, during this Engormix interview....
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Additives are part of the strategies for adding value to food, and their interest, in the current context of raw material prices, is even more evident. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to simplify their action to stick to the primary logic of their nature and easily generate an economic advantage. In doing so, we are likely to limit ourselves by failing to fully consider the scope of their work. In the case of the increasingly popular proteases, this involves a "simple" recovery of the...
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Digestible lysine requirements of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age reassessed
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Frank Ivey (Feed2Gain) shares his experience and insights on diet changes, cost savings in formulations, as well as how the impact of enzymes is evaluated, in this Engormix interview....
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Introduction Routine supplementation of dietary Cu, as well as other trace minerals, is intended to prevent deficiencies that originate from the lack of sufficient amounts of this micromineral in the feeds. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is traditionally utilized as the source Cu of supplementation in poultry feeds because of its wide availability and low cost (1). Total supplemental Cu in commercially formulated broiler feeds is variable, as can be observed in the...
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Pressure on feed cost is and will remain a decisive factor for profitability and sustainability in pork and poultry production. In the backdrop of soaring inflation, other production costs have escalated. Corollary minimizing the costs associated with production has never been of greater importance. Arguably, feed formulation is a precise science that seek to compute combination of feedstuffs to meet the requirement of an animal at least/best cost. Traditionally, the two primary factors that...
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I. INTRODUCTION Exogenous enzymes are susceptible to denature when exposed to low-pH conditions, normally prevailing in the gastric phase. Hence, resistance to low-pH is considered one of the key criterion for the suitability of commercial phytase enzymes for animal feed application. The pH-stability is assessed in-vitro by measuring the recovery of enzyme activity after exposing enzyme protein to low-pH buffers. To mimic gizzard conditions, pH 2.5-3.5 with added pepsin is often...
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A 41-d floor pen experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing higher doses (up to 3 times the standard dose of 500U) of phytase (CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE®, Novus International, Inc.) in broiler chicks fed non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) deficient corn-SBM based diets. A total of 1584 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to 6 treatments with 12 pens/treatment and 22 chicks/pen. Treatments consisted of T1...
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Enzymes have shown promising effects on performance and intestinal health in broilers (Toghyani et al., 2022). However, the dosage effect of enzymes and combination of different enzymes have not been extensively evaluated under the coccidial vaccine challenge condition. Therefore, a feeding study was conducted to examine the effect of dosage of xylanase+glucanase and the effect of its combination with a high level of phytase on growth performance, health, and welfare of broilers under a mild...
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All grains, vegetable-based protein meals and their by-products used in poultry diets contain some levels of phytate phosphorous (PP). Depending on the ingredient type and source, a typical broiler chicken diet would contain between 2.2 to over 3.5 g/kg dietary PP. Research has shown that phytate anti-nutritional effects can reduce the digestibility of amino acids (AA) and minerals. Previously the effect of phytase on AA digestibility was reported in broilers at 21 days of age (Toghyani et...
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Dr. Megharaja Manangi, senior research scientist at Novus International, discussed how producers can improve feed durability and cut costs through post-pellet fat application during the annual International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF) at IPPE 2019.
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Broiler chickens spend one third of their lives developing inside an egg. Hence, understanding and optimising the in ovo environment is fundamental. The pH of body fluids is tightly regulated to maintain critical physiological functions such as gas exchanges. Enzymes equally have an optimum pH range that determines their efficiency. Changes to these conditions, may impact on the efficiency of O2 transport or enzyme activity. Embryonic development requires a continuous flow of O2 delivery and...
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