Article published the October 10, 2025
With approximately 30.2-56% crude protein (CP), cottonseed meal (CSM) is regarded as one of the closest alternative protein sources to soybean meal (SBM). It is used at relatively low levels to replace soybean meal in diets for broiler chickens (Swiatkiewicz et al., 2016). While its value at such low levels has been well established, the potential for using CSM at higher levels when fed as such or ...
Article published the October 10, 2025
I. INTRODUCTIONMicrobial enzymes are now routinely used in broiler chicken diets to reduce the effects of antinutritive factors (ANF) in feed and/or improve the digestion of nutrients (Bedford, 2011). There is a suite of enzymes that target ANF such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and phytic acid as well as products which improve the digestion of nutrients such as protein and minerals. The maj ...
Article published the August 27, 2025
Cottonseed meal (CSM) is a by-product of oil extraction from cotton seeds and is a moderately rich source of protein (30.2-56 %). A recent review concluded that CSM is an acceptable ingredient in poultry diets (Świątkiewicz et al., 2016). However, the use of CSM as a protein source in poultry diets is limited due to the presence of gossypol, variation in nutrient composition and a relati ...
Article published the July 16, 2025
I. INTRODUCTIONNon-therapeutic in-feed usage of antibiotics in animal diets has been implicated in development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, some of which are zoonotic and pathogenic to humans (Stanton, 2013). Based on this fact, the European Union placed a ban on such usage of antibiotics 12 years ago (European commission, 2005; Castanon, 2007). However, the continuous incidence of antibiotic ...
Article published the October 4, 2022
IntroductionSoybean meal (SBM) is the most important and preferred source of quality protein in animal feeds (Banaszkiewicz, 2011). Among the oil seeds, SBM contains the highest crude protein (CP) and has the best AA profile, with only 6% crude fibre (Dei, 2011). The AAs in SBM are highly digestible by poultry (Newkirk, 2010). Based on the CP content, SBM can generally be classified as high protei ...
Article published the September 5, 2022
IntroductionSoybean meal (SBM) is the most important and preferred source of quality protein in animal feeds (Banaszkiewicz, 2011). Among the oil seeds, SBM contains the highest crude protein (CP) and has the best AA profile, with only 6% crude fibre (Dei, 2011). The AAs in SBM are highly digestible by poultry (Newkirk, 2010). Based on the CP content, SBM can generally be classified as high protei ...
Article published the June 28, 2021
I. INTRODUCTIONA recent on Australian sorghum by Selle et al. (2017) that sorghum produced in Australia is used almost exclusively for feed, especially cattle, pigs and poultry. The objective of the present study is to assess the response of broiler chickens to diets based on sorghum, when supplemented with a combination of enzymes, targeting different substrates.II. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total o ...
Article published the June 28, 2021
This study was aimed at assessing endogenous enzyme activities and utilisation of metabolisable energy by broiler chickens fed maize-based diets supplemented with phytase and carbohydrases. Birds were raised in cages in climate-controlled rooms. The jejunum and pancreas were collected at 10 and 24 d for analysis of endogenous digestive enzyme activities. Birds were also sampled at hatch and 24 d a ...
Article published the June 23, 2021
I. INTRODUCTIONThe optimum utilization of nutrients, especially energy and protein, by poultry is essential in commercial production. The efficiency of feed utilization has been improved through genetic development (Rege 1994), alongside feed processing and use of feed additives, especially microbial enzymes. Energy utilization in poultry can be measured by assessing metabolizable energy or net en ...
Article published the May 14, 2021
I. INTRODUCTION
The non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feed has been banned in some regions of the world (Lekshmi et al. 2017) and there are restrictions on the use of some products in other countries, including Australia (APVMA, 2017). This has led to a search for alternatives to antibiotics for use in poultry production. Yeasts and their by-products have been identified as potent ...