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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
I. INTRODUCTION Mannan is a plant based-NSP derived from polymerisation of mannose sugars, it is categorised as galactomannan or glucomannan based on the presence of galactose and glucose side chains (Aspinall, 1973). Generally, galactomannan is the dominant form in legumes (Sundu et al., 2012). The ratio between mannose to galactose dictates the water solubility of galactomannan where galactose has a strong capacity to bind water and increase gut viscosity. The β-mannan in...
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I. INTRODUCTION Broiler diets are formulated on the basis of ideal protein ratios (IPR) where selected amino acid requirements are expressed relative to lysine (100). However, IPR have been developed over decades for standard diets rather than diets with reduced-CP. This has led to the possibility that reduced-CP diets require modified IPR. For this reason, two sets of ratios were evaluated in diets with 210 and 180 g/kg CP in a 2 × 2 factorial design. II....
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DL-Methionine (DL-Met, 99%) and liquid DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid, MHA-FA, 88%) are often used in commercial poultry feeds to meet the requirements for Methionine+Cysteine (M+C). However, differences in chemical properties and absorption decrease the relative bioavailability value (RBV) of MHAFA, which corresponds to 65% of DL-Met for performance . This study aimed to confirm that MHA-FA can be replaced with DL-Met at a...
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Toxi-Free Plus® is designed to protect farmers from invisible economic losses because of mycotoxins pollution in feed. Toxi-Free Plus® provides complete protection against Mycotoxins.
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Innovative Directions in Aflatoxin Testing Point to Measureable Gains in Quality Of Lab Data
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The genetic potential of modern broiler strains can only be exploited by focusing on their changed nutritional requirements. Feed is the most important aspect of poultry production which is primarily based on corn and soy, but the cost of feed ingredients for poultry diets continues to rise due to increased demand and decreased availability. This has resulted in rise in conventional feed formulations, making it important to understand the composition of alternative feed ingredients. The cell...
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ABSTRACT Enteric infections such as coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in broilers may have a large influence on the endogenous amino acids (eAA) losses within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Although not much is known on this topic, more information is available on the effects of these diseases on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids. There are many factors that must be considered when attempting to determine the intestinal flow of eAA, including age of the...
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Effects of Amino Acids on Immune Responses and Gut Health in Poultry
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Due to the feed materials and animal digestion system, 20% of the protein in poultry feed can't be digested and used by the birds. This is why protein enzymes are introduced to the feed. Enzymes are biological catalysts that aid in the breakdown of feed nutrients and improve digestion of dietary components. The use of exogenous feed enzymes in poultry diet is becoming a norm to overcome the adverse effects of anti-nutritional factors and improve bird performance. Protease is a...
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INTRODUCTION Practical applications of agricultural wastes in poultry nutrition play an important role in replacing expensive ingredients and/or additives in their diet particularly after COVID-19 outbreaks in which an expected shortage of feed resources for animal nutrition may have occurred (1–3). Poultry are a valuable source of animal protein of high quality, and nutrition of poultry plays an essential role in controlling the balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants and...
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INTRODUCTION Corn and soybean meal are ingredients that have a good digestibility, however depending on the storage, crop and variety, these ingredients may have a change in their nutritional quality. For broilers, these ingredients constitute around 70 and 30% of the diet, respectively. Thus, any small improvement in their quality significantly influences the performance of the broiler chickens and the meat production cost. The carbohydrate fraction of cereal ingredients has...
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In the first half of 2023, Life Rainbow mycotoxin analysis lab collected 141 feed samples of raw materials and feed mills in farms and analyzed them. The survey provides essential information on the feed pollution situation of Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), Zearalenone, Fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in Taiwan. All the samples were analyzed using ELISA Mycotoxin analysis kit. Results: 141 feed samples were collected, and 80.1% were...
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1. INTRODUCTION Substantial efforts have been made to replace expensive cereals with cassava in poultry feeding. Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) contains a large quantity of starch, therefore it is certainly worthwhile to be used as an energy source for poultry feed [1]. However, cassava contain high level of insoluble fiber which are not well digested by poultry [2]. Over the past decade, dietary enzymes have been used as a tool to improve nutrient utilization in chicken...
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John Boney (Penn State University) offers insights and recommendations regarding the importance of pellet quality and its benefits on performance, during this Engormix interview....
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INTRODUCTION Providing adequate quantities of animal protein to meet the demands of a continuously growing population requires that livestock producers must increase the production efficiency of farm animals. This can be achieved through improved genetics, management, and nutrition. Furthermore, feed ingredient prices continue to increase, resulting in minimizing the profit for the producers and forcing them to seek cheaper alternative ingredients, typically of lower quality and...
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INTRODUCTION Reducing the production cost of quality meat and eggs for the ever-growing world population is a prime target of the poultry industry. Conventional feed ingredients like corn and soybean meal are widely used in broiler feeding programs, which increase the competition among food and feed and lead to raise production costs (Donohue and Cunningham, 2009; Stefanello et al., 2016). Several strategies were attempted to minimize the cost per unit production, such as...
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About the study Phytase supplementation has become a standard practice for poultry diets to enhance phosphorus (P) utilization and subsequently reduce P excretion. Previous phytase studies on hen performance, eggshell and bone quality have been done over short durations and using hens of varying ages. The knowledge gap is that there are no long-term phytase studies covering the rearing period through the end of production cycle. The objective of this study was to...
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Nutritional strategies to improve performance of broilers offered reduced crude protein (RCP) diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids are of interest to the poultry industry. We hypothesized that the dietary inclusion of moderate amounts of insoluble fibre would stimulate gizzard function and increase the retention time of digesta in the foregut allowing more time for exogenous protease to act on their substrates leading to greater digestibility of protein/amino acids and better...
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There is continued interest in using sorghum as an alternative to wheat in Australian poultry diets, but there is concern about the comparatively lower digestibility of sorghum-based diets. This study examined if it is possible to accelerate sorghum digestion in young birds by targeting fermentation of the xylan in its endosperm cell walls. The hypothesis was that supplementing sorghum-soybean meal based diets with a combination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), xylanase and wheat bran would...
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Recent studies have shown that the decreased performance of broilers associated with feeding a reduced crude protein (RCP) diet cannot be fully recovered by supplementing essential amino acids (Hilliar et al., 2019). We hypothesized that the dietary inclusion of moderate amounts of insoluble fibre would improve gizzard function and protein/amino acid digestibility that could help to restore the performance loss associated with feeding a RCP diet. This study investigated the effects of oat...
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I. INTRODUCTION Phytases have been heavily researched for decades and been used commercially since the early 1990s). Phytase from microbial origin is therefore added to monogastric diets as it can reduce the incorporation of inorganic P sources in the feed, reducing feed cost and P excretion in the environment. Phytate is the main storage form of phosphate in plant matter and in vegetable feed ingredients where it can normally be found in concentrations of 5 to 25 g/kg (CVB,...
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