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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
Summary This study was conducted to test the efficacy of phytase in low phosphorus and calcium diets in the late production cycle for maintaining the productivity, eggshell and bone quality of hens fed low phosphorus and calcium. Problem Exogenous phytase supplementation has become a standard practice for poultry diets to liberate available phosphorus and reduce excretion of phosphorus in manure. Many studies showed that phytase supplementation increased egg...
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In recent years protein feed ingredients are consistently increasing in cost and protein in poultry diets has become one of the most expensive nutrient. Urbanization is putting pressure to produce more and high quality protein sources in less space. Neutralizing substandard quality feed ingredients with effective tools has also become a new concern. In parallel people are more concerned on impact of animal agriculture on environmental pollution. Hence research has focused in the direction to...
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I. Introduction Feed is the largest cost in poultry production, particularly in recent times due to the increased price of protein and energy sources. Feed cost can be reduced with the inclusion of alternate protein and energy sources like pearl millet, deoiled rice bran (DORB), meat and bone meal (MBM), dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) and mustard deoiled cake (MDOC) replacing soya bean meal (SBM) and corn. However, these alternate ingredients have low...
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The increasing prices of major feed ingredients have prompted animal nutritionists to use inexpensive raw materials in their diet formulations to lower feed cost. However, due to their relatively lower digestibility, diets formulated with these raw materials often lead to poor gut health status and animal performance. For instance, poor protein digestibility results in the formation of toxic metabolites that can impair gut health and subsequently confer negative effects on broiler...
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I. Introduction Typical Australian broiler diets contain 2.5-3.0 g/kg phytate-P or roughly 10.0 g/kg phytate; therefore, phytase is included into every Australian broiler diet. As phytase is capable of increasing the availability of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, amino acids and energy content of diets, these nutrients may be decreased in the feed formulations as ‘matrix values’ without adverse effects on the birds’ growth performance (Dersjant-Li et al. 2020)....
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There is increasing evidence that supplementing small amounts of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) into poultry diets has positive effects on bird performance and gastrointestinal health. Soluble XOS that reach the caeca intact are utilised by beneficial bacteria, inducing positive effects such as increased production of short chain fatty acids (Aachary & Prapulla, 2011). Commercial endo-xylanases are added to diets to reduce digesta viscosity, but have the side effect of producing...
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Collaborating with producers: Evonik & Al-Estesharia – A Win-Win Partnership
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INTRODUCTION It is imperative to identify factors that inhibit the digestibility of nutrients for successful commercial poultry production. The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) like substances of hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectin can reduce nutrient digestibility in poultry (Choct, 1999). Among the NSP, β-mannans are a group of hemicelluloses, which are present in many ingredients used for poultry feeds like soybean and other leguminous seeds. It occurs in the forms of...
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Wheat has traditionally been the target substrate ingredient for xylanase application, due to its high arabinoxylan content causing increased digesta viscosity. However, numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of supplementing non-viscous corn-based diets with xylanase, on broiler performance and energy, protein and dry matter digestibility (Rabello et al., 2021; Stefanello et al., 2016). This is thought to be attributable to production of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as a...
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Prices Hold, Pressures Build: What’s Moving the Veterinary API Market
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I. Introduction Phytase, apart from increasing phosphorus (P) availability from plant ingredients, improves availability of non-P nutrients like Ca, amino acids (AA), and energy (AME) by facilitating the breakdown of phytate P and thus negating its antinutritional effects (Dersjant-Li et al. 2016). Phytase along with carbohydrase enzymes could improve productivity of chickens with a lower feed cost when proper downspec (reduction of nutrient levels in the diet) is applied. It is...
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Description of problem Feed ingredients and feed manufacturing account for 60 to 70% of production costs in an integrated poultry operation. Modern commercial broilers are fed predominately pelleted diets, and researchers have demonstrated how improving pellet quality (PQ), by increasing the percentage of pellets in the diet, further enhances bird performance (Proudfoot and Sefton, 1978; Dozier et al., 2010; Corzo et al., 2011; Lilly et al., 2011; Glover et al., 2016; Lemons and...
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in the second part of this interview, Dr. Koushik De, Director-Technical Services at Novus International South Central Asia, explains why we should care about Trypsin Inhibitor and how to deal with it in Soybean meal...
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Dr. John Thomson, U.S. Sales Manager for Feed Additives at AlzChem, points out how the 3rd evolution cellular nutrition concept influences price and increases performance
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Candidate Genes Associated with Survival Following Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens
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Doug Korver (University of Alberta) explained how to better evaluate the use of this enzyme in the nutrition of laying hens, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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Creamino® is a natural source of energy in animal nutrition. With Creamino® we provide a creatine solution for animals and relief the animal from own creatine synthesis. Creatine is important for energy supply not only in muscle cells but also in macrophages and in the heart. Therefore, with Creamino® we supply energy as well for the immune system and stress tolerance. ...
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INTRODUCTION Conventional broiler production is dependent on maize as a source of energy and soybean meal as a source of protein. Nutrient digestibility of plant-based feeds in poultry is limited by the proportion of their components for which there are no corresponding endogenous enzyme secretions. These components include non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) that are present within the cell walls of maize and soybean meal 1,2 . The NSPs are either indigestible or of very...
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Enzyme supplements are used widely in poultry diets in an attempt to improve poultry performance, feed consumption, and also minimized environmental pollutions due to the reduced output of excreta 1 . Different enzyme supplements have been developed with respect to their target substrates in feed ingredients. Exogenous xylanase is an example of an enzyme supplement to improve nutritional factors by efficiently decomposing the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 2 ,...
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Introduction High cost of conventional ingredients such as maize as source of energy, soybean, groundnut cake and fish meal as source of protein in broiler’s diet has increased the cost of feed and consequently increased cost of production (Attia, 2015). The cost of feed represents about 75% of the total costs of animal production. Also, non-availability and competition existing among man, industry and livestock have necessitated the need to find cheap and available...
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Summary The short-term study was conducted to test the effects of phytase supplementation in laying hen diets during peak production on bone characteristics as well as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility. Problem A large portion of dietary phosphorus is not utilized by laying hens and is excreted in feces, which leads to phosphorus pollution in the environment. Adding inorganic phosphorus to poultry diets has also become much more expensive. Phytase...
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Brett Roosendaal (Nutrition Executive at Epol) comments on the different types of enzymes and their benefits when using soybean in animal nutrition, during this Engormix interview....
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This review examines the relative bioefficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) which includes chemical, metabolic, nutritional, and statistical aspects of its bioefficacy. The chemical, enzymatic and biological differences and similarities between these two products are explained and the evidence and reasons for HMTBA relative bioefficacy to DL-Met in monogastric animals are discussed. In addition, appropriate statistical methods for comparing the...
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