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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
Summary The short-term study was conducted to test the effects of phytase supplementation in laying hen diets during peak production on bone characteristics as well as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) digestibility. Problem A large portion of dietary phosphorus is not utilized by laying hens and is excreted in feces, which leads to phosphorus pollution in the environment. Adding inorganic phosphorus to poultry diets has also become much more expensive. Phytase...
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Brett Roosendaal (Nutrition Executive at Epol) comments on the different types of enzymes and their benefits when using soybean in animal nutrition, during this Engormix interview....
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This review examines the relative bioefficacy of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) which includes chemical, metabolic, nutritional, and statistical aspects of its bioefficacy. The chemical, enzymatic and biological differences and similarities between these two products are explained and the evidence and reasons for HMTBA relative bioefficacy to DL-Met in monogastric animals are discussed. In addition, appropriate statistical methods for comparing the...
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Producers are concerned about the economic impact of dietary energy costs in broiler production, as feed expenses amount to nearly 50% of the total costs. As such, reducing dietary energy costs while improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) has been a focus of poultry producers for many ...
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DL-methionine can replace methionine-hydroxy anlalog products in a ratio of 65:100 in laying hen fee
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Arabinoxylans (AX), a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and poorly digestible plant cell wall component, is by far the most important anti-nutritional factor in raw materials such as wheat and corn. Due to its abundance, location in the plant material and molecular structure, AX reduces feed digestibility considerably. Firstly, water-soluble AX will increase the viscosity of the digesta in the lumen, making digestion and absorption of nutrients extremely difficult. Also, unfavorable...
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Introduction The basic nutrients that poultry birds require for maintenance, growth and reproduction include carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins. The energy and protein are the most important as well as expensive nutrients in poultry diet. Maize and soyabean meal are the conventional feed ingredients commonly used in poultry industry because of its nutrients composition and digestibility. In recent year skyrocketing prices of conventional protein sources like soyabean...
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Candidate Genes Associated with Survival Following Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens
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Calcium digestibility can vary dramatically depending on the Ca source, limestone solubility, source of phytate and addition of phytase (Li et al., 2021). However, there is no agreement in the literature about the most appropriate method for determining Ca digestibility (Li et al., 2017). In the current study, the apparent ileal Ca and P digestibility was determined in diets varying in Ca content, with and without phytase supplementation, based on the short-term protocol described by Kim et...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of feeding xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), xylanase (XYL) and fermentable fibre, in the form of wheat bran (WB), on egg quality. It is theorised that WB stimulates and trains the microbiota in the hindgut to hydrolyse and ferment dietary xylan, and XOS and XYL may further upregulate xylan fermentation pathways, resulting in improved nutrient utilisation and thus egg quality. Isa Brown hens (n = 96 hens) were obtained at peak lay (39 weeks of age)...
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Introduction The poultry industry is one of the most dynamic industries in world of agri-business, and feed is the backbone of this industry. But, with rising feed ingredients cost, making a good quality feed at low price has become a challenge for the poultry industry. To minimize the impact of rising prices of conventional feed ingredients, the other option is the use of unconventional raw materials. Many of these products contain high levels of plant cell wall...
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Dr. Rose Whelan, Senior Manager Animal Physiology Research at Evonik Animal Nutrition. sums up the main points of her presentation titled `Effects of dietary sulfur amino acid levels on growth performance and intestinal antibody production in broilers challenged with Eimeria spp´., during ESPN 2019 in Poland....
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Introduction Summer and Disease The mercury is soaring high throughout the country, and it seems there is no respite soon. High environmental temperature leads to heat stress. Heat stress can lead to various harmful impacts on livestock productivity, such as high animal morbidity, mortality, and reduction in growth performance, directly resulting in dramatic economic losses to the livestock industry. Heat stress and transportation or shifting from EC shed to the...
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Introduction The application of exogenous enzymes in fibrous diets has been found to increase nutrient utilization and subsequently improve the growth performance of broilers [1, 2]. However, the response of different enzymes is not consistent, and it could vary based on the types of ingredients present in the diet. Among the exogenous enzymes, xylanase is commonly used to improve nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) degradation in wheat-based diets, but it is also increasingly being used...
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1. Introduction Exogenous xylanase (XYL) has been routinely used in poultry diets to hydrolyse nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and improve the feeding quality of fibre-rich diets, including wheat [1]. The beneficial effect of XYL in wheat-based diets is mainly attributed to the reduction of digesta viscosity, improving digestion and absorption of nutrients, dietary energy availability and subsequent growth performance of broilers [2,3]. In layers, XYL has been assessed as...
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Aaron Cowieson (DSM) discusses microbiome research in poultry nutrition and the feed additives considered, during this Engormix interview....
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Two experiments evaluated the addition of an exogenous sfericase protease in broiler diets. Experiments were run (Exp1 and Exp2) with 1,848 and 2,100 one-day old male chicks being allocated into 84 floor pens with 14 replicates of 22 and 25 birds each, respectively. The studies were conducted in completely randomized designs. In Exp1, Standard diets were formulated with energy and AA at marginally lower levels than usual by the Brazilian integration such that broilers were expected to grow...
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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common trichothecenes mycotoxins, and is a natural occurrence mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum . DON also is known as vomitoxin due to its strong emetic effects after consumption and causes animals’ vomit. DON occurrence in food and feed represents more than 90% of the total number of samples, and it is a potential marker of the occurrence of other mycotoxins.
The occurrence of mycotoxins originates from before and after...
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High energy and protein prices and volatility of grain, fat, and oilseed meal markets have resulted in shifts in feed ingredient use and increased application of a wide variety of exogenous enzymes to reduce feed cost. However, the choice of enzyme and subsequent application of matrix values are often done with little regard of the substrate levels in the diets that are being targeted. This discord between feed substrates and the class of enzymes being applied...
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Avian influenza virus (AIV) belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family and is characterised by containing negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 8 segments that encode for 10 structural and at least 9 nonstructural/regulatory proteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) that are the most abundant and immunogenic surface protein, and are involved in virus entry and exit from the cell. There are 18 hemagglutinin and 11 neuraminidase subtypes that are known to exist in the nature, and all...
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Summary In order to investigate the benefits of a multi-enzyme complex (RovabioTM Max) containing carbohydrolases and phytase activities on the performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed corn-soybean meal based diets, 2268 male Ross broiler chicks were allocated to 9 dietary treatments: a positive control diet formulated to be adequate in nutrients and four reduced nutrient diets (NC), with gradual decrease on AME,...
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ADPHOS phytate solutions deliver exceptional phosphorus release in combination with outstanding thermostability, reliability and consistency...
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