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INTRODUCTION Newly hatched birds have immature and undeveloped immune system (Bar-Shira et al., 2003). Maternalderived antibodies (MDA) play a critical role in early protection against pathogenic organisms (Kramer and Cho, 1970). Maternal antibodies are immunoglobulins that are transferred from vaccinated or naturally infected breeder hens to the progeny through the egg, which provide passive immunity to progeny and protect them against infectious...
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An immunomodulator is any substance that helps to regulate the immune system. The function and efficiency of the immune system may be influenced by various exogenous and endogenous factors resulting in either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Several compounds with an...
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Dear Tejada Thank you for your comment Yes as we all know in the several reports pelleted diet had a good effect on performance parameters, but in broiler due to short life cycle (42-45 days), the positive energy balance in them may not be paid much attention, but because of the nutritional status of the bird influences lipid metabolism in liver, in another study we used plant extracts as feed additive, and our results suggested all remedies used as potential candidates for the...
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1. Introduction Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by Aspergillus flavus and closely related fungi in several crops [1]. Maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) are amongst the most susceptible crops. Crop contamination with these potent compounds negatively affects both human and animal health, the income of farmers, and trade opportunities [2–4]. In the case of animals, when feeds are prepared with aflatoxin-contaminated crops,...
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Background
Antibiotic Growth Promotors (AGPs) are a group of feed additives widely used to improve animal health and performance. Mode of action is actually still an area of debate, but it is clear we have moved away from a simple model of reduction of pathogens / reduction of microbiota competition with the host animal to one where reduction of inflammation and modulation of immune response is a more likely explanation.
AGPs are effective in enhancing...
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Introduction With the expansion of the commercial broiler chicken industry, metabolic disorders have become emerging serious hazards in bird’s health and profitability (Savard et al., 2013). Fatty liver, among many other metabolic syndromes, has not received adequate attention in broiler research while it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many liver and kidney diseases and may directly cause low performance and a great economic loss (Zhang et...
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The impact of extruded soybean processing temperatures conditions on broiler’s ileal and cecal microbiota composition and function
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by Sam Shafer
A new study published in Poultry Science® shows that body weight, residual feed intake, and feeding behavior traits are all highly heritable traits in Pekin ducks. The research, led by scientists at China Agricultural University and Beijing Golden Star Inc., may help guide the selection for certain feeding behaviors and further help producers improve feed efficiency in their flocks.
Pekin ducks are the leading breed of duck used for meat...
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1. Introduction Poultry meat is considered a healthy source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the omega (n)-3 fatty acids [1], and still remains one of the cheapest sources of protein [2]. The OECD-FAO agriculture outlook 2016–2025 forecasts an expansion of meat production by 1.8 Mt annually by 2025, mainly due to pork and poultry products [2]. Moreover, the poultry sector is possibly the fastest...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the top enteric infectious diseases in commercial broiler chickens that is caused primarily by Clostridium perfringens (CP) A/G strains and responsible for around $6 billion economical loss worldwide. Coccidiosis is the major predisposing factor for NE. With gradual reduction and eventual withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed due to public and regulatory pressures, alternatives to antibiotic approaches assume top- priority for...
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(Mandarin) Strengthening Pellets for Better Feed Performance
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Maintaining bird comfort during the hot, humid summer is critical for optimum weight gain, feed conversion, and livability. In most situations, modern-day poultry houses are equipped with tunnel ventilation systems with large exhaust fans at one end and evaporative cooling pads at the opposite end. Evaporative pads are chosen mainly for their high efficiency, while foggers (low-pressure misting systems) may be installed as a supplement to cool cell systems. Unfortunately, however,...
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PSA interviewed Billy Hargis (University of Arkansas) to hear his insights regarding the spread of viruses from different classes within the animal kingdom and the use of antibiotics in animals raises for food. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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1. Introduction The economic losses caused by mycotoxins are mostly related to the extra costs employed to reduce or eliminate mycotoxin contamination in the diet, and the financial losses due to suboptimal animal production (Magnoli et al., 2019). Among the mycotoxins affecting livestock production, the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) appears as one of the most important ones. The knowledge regarding the effects of DON on broilers is mostly based on studies using...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of low molecular weights produced by certain strains of filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, which invade crops in the field and may grow on foods during storage under favaourable conditions of temperature and humidity. The most common mycotoxins are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and out of which aflatoxins (AF) commonly contaminate a wide variety of tropical and...
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INTRODUCTION Poultry farming has metamorphosed into an organized industry in recent past and registered a rapid growth over last three decades in India. Many problems are continuously challenging against successful poultry farming operations and the common one is threat of mycotoxicosis in poultry. Aflatoxins (AF) have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and toxic. Surveillance of AFB 1 content of poultry feedstuffs in U.P., India by Johri et...
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INTRODUCTION Aflatoxin is the common name for a group of chemically related compounds (Moss, 1996) produced by certain strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in the feedstuffs as poisonous secondary metabolites. Aflatoxins are stable once formed in grain and are not degraded during normal milling and storage process (Brown, 1996) and have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic (Cole and Cox, 1981). It impairs humoral and cellular immune...
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. The family of ochratoxins consists of 3 members, viz. ochratoxin A, B and C but ochratoxin A is the most toxic one (Chang et al. 1979). They are the second major group of mycotoxins characterized after the discovery of aflatoxins. OTA is an isocumarin derivative linked through the carboxy group to a L-β-phenylalanine (Engelhardt et al. 1999). Ochratoxin A is a natural contaminant of...
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The presence of ochratoxin A in poultry feed causes significantly to health disorders and decreases production. In a survey conducted to investigate global occurrence of mycotoxins, the incidence of OTA in South Asia was found to be 55% on analyzing the feed samples (Nahrer and Kovalsky 2014). Ochratoxin A causes significant losses and reduction in the profitability of poultry industry due to its effects on performance and health (Agawane and Lonkar 2004). It causes a reduction in productive...
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