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Abstract published in Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2022, 75:102689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102689. ...
I. INTRODUCTION Most Australian households consume large numbers of eggs on an annual basis, but we know very little about what members of the broader community think about the practices associated with commercial egg production and the underlying values that they bring to these considerations. A previous study for Australian Eggs (Fisher et al., 2019) examined the values-based elements underlying the consensus in animal science across key areas related to laying hen...
In the animal food industry, enzymes can help improve animal performance and production economics through a variety of mechanisms: breakdown of substrates in feed and reduction of anti-nutritional substances, such as hydrolysis of phytic acid to improve phosphorus availability.
Marketed enzyme preparations contain the...
I. INTRODUCTION In accepting the invitation to present a paper on laying hen welfare at APSS 2021, I thought that I would provide an overview of a special issue of Animal Production Science on layer hen welfare that will be published in early 2021. This special issue consists of 19 review papers on the welfare implications of: the production system; development, growth and production; husbandry and behaviour; and health. I had planned to report on the main findings of the...
Introduction Amino acids (AAs) are natural substances containing both amino and acid groups. Proline, which contains an imino group but not an amino group, is loosely considered as an AA in nutrition and metabolism. 1 Protein (the polymer of AAs) is the major component of growth in animals and has been a focus of nutritional research over the past century. 2 Proteinogenic (protein-creating) in animals are alanine, arginine, asparagine, asparate, cysteine,...
Identifying individual birds that are suffering or that have compromised health and welfare is key to maintaining high standards of poultry care. Knowing your birds and when they are ill or in pain is imperative for identifying birds that need treatment or that might need to be euthanized....
Broiler welfare assurance programs specify the standards that producers must follow to sell their broilers, receive a premium, and/or a certification label on their products. Broiler assurance programs differ in the guidelines and audit standards that producers must follow because the missions and goals of each organization...
This newsletter provides an overview of potential flock predators, how to identify the predator, and approaches to avoid predation in your free-range poultry flock. Predation is a common risk for poultry that are allowed to roam freely outdoors. Predator types may differ depending on the region. Therefore, this newsletter may not cover all...
Turkeys are an important American cultural icon and Thanksgiving dinner staple. In fact, it is tradition for the US president to “pardon” a turkey each year at an annual White House ceremony. The 2021 turkeys that participated in the ceremony were from Indiana. ...
1. Introduction For more than 50 years, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used in agricultural animal production as a means to increase growth performance through maintained animal health and improved feed efficiency [1]. During the last decades, global concern about development and transference of antimicrobial resistance from animal to human strains is rising [2]. The benefits of AGPs use in production animals are of ten argued to be outweighed by their negative...
INTRODUCTION It has been well known that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) (Val, Leu and Ile) are not only substrates for building block protein but they are also involved in intracellular signaling pathways on protein anabolism and stimulatory effects on protein synthesis. Among the 3 BCAA, Leu has been considered most effective in stimulating muscle protein synthesis by modulating the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream effectors, ribosomal...
There has been much research recently to refine broiler requirements for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), especially since the routine inclusion of phytase in broiler diets (Li et al., 2016). Phosphorus and Ca play significant roles in bone metabolism and vitamin D is also pivotal to maintaining bone integrity through the modulation of Ca metabolism (Li et al., 2017). The broiler requirement for vitamin D according to NRC 1994 is 200 IU/kg while, commercially, dietary concentrations as high...
Poultry meat is a particularly important protein source as broilers have a high feed efficiency and short production cycle compared to other animal products, making it an affordable, nutritious source of animal protein (Marangoni et al., 2015). Therefore, strategies to improve production performance of broilers will require significant research as this is key to future food security. One nutritional strategy to improve sustainability of poultry production systems is improving the efficiency...
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) have a considerable impact on digestibility in broilers, dictating nutrient availability and energy utilization. The high NSP content of the hulls in canola meal are one factor limiting its effective use in poultry diets. The major NSP present in canola meal include cellulose, pectic polysaccharides and a variety of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans (AX). Attempts have been made to increase utilization of canola meal through the use of...
Published literature indicates that L-arginine (L-Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and L-citrulline (L-Cit) can all provide arginine activity in broiler diets (Su and Austic, 1999; Dilger et al., 2013; DeGroot, 2018) and all are commercially available. GAA has been reported to have 77% arginine equivalence for feed conversion (Ringel et al., 2013). This study was conducted to determine the effect of arginine deficiency on performance in reduced protein diets and the efficacy of adding it...
Compromised leg health is a welfare and economic concern for meat chickens. Enrichment of the production environment via the provision of perches has been a focal point of research into reducing the prevalence of leg disorders in recent years. Despite inconsistent evidence of the effect of perches (Groves and Muir 2013; Phibbs et al. 2019), they are provided in almost two thirds of the Australian meat chicken industry, with 2.7 m perch/1000 birds required under the RSPCA Approved Farming...
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been used for animal behaviour and welfare research, to monitor animal location and resource utilization. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an in-house custom built ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system to be used on a commercial free-range egg farm with three-tier aviaries. The system was designed and constructed to detect hens in certain areas (feeders, nest boxes, range) within the housing system. Briefly, Speedway R420...
I. INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades the meat, egg and milk sectors have faced the need to reduce the routine use of antibiotics in animal production, and the high incidence of food poisoning associated with animal product consumption. Approximately 130,000 tonnes of antibiotics were used in 2013 worldwide, with 75% of this in animals (Hughes, 2019). Up to 90% of these antibiotics can be excreted into the environment via urine and faeces, and approximately 400 resistance...
1. INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is the most common cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis, a disease characterised by gut inflammation and self-limiting diarrhoea in humans (Winter et al., 2010). It is estimated that gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. accounts for 93.8 million human cases worldwide each year (Majowicz et al., 2010). Worldwide, contaminated food products of animal origin, particularly egg and egg products, are...
by Sam Shafer
Poultry scientists find potential link between valine×leucine interactions and woody breast
According to a new study in The Journal of Applied Poultry Research , producers have little to worry about when it comes to branched-chain amino acid interactions and their effects on broiler live performance...