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This study was aimed at assessing endogenous enzyme activities and utilisation of metabolisable energy by broiler chickens fed maize-based diets supplemented with phytase and carbohydrases. Birds were raised in cages in climate-controlled rooms. The jejunum and pancreas were collected at 10 and 24 d for analysis of endogenous digestive enzyme activities. Birds were also sampled at hatch and 24 d and analysed for gross energy, fat and crude protein contents. The data were used to calculate...
I. INTRODUCTION A recent on Australian sorghum by Selle et al. (2017) that sorghum produced in Australia is used almost exclusively for feed, especially cattle, pigs and poultry. The objective of the present study is to assess the response of broiler chickens to diets based on sorghum, when supplemented with a combination of enzymes, targeting different substrates. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 648 male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens was randomly...
1. Introduction Commercial poultry farming is one of the fastest growing and most promising industries in Bangladesh. Intensive production system, however, depends solely on compound feeds and ingredients cost of which represents 65–70% of total production cost of the poultry farming. Animal originated feed protein materials such as fish meal and meat & bone meal are usually added to poultry feed as high protein sources. Driven by a booming need for livestock...
Background Canola is an offspring of rapeseed which belongs to the cabbage family or Brassicas. The genus Brassica also contains plants such as cabbage, radish, kale, mustard and cauliflower [10]. Rapeseed oil contains around 25- 45 % erucic acid whereas the meal contains about 110- 150 μmoles/g of aliphatic glucosinolates [12]. Rapeseed was cultivated more than 3000 years ago in India and 2000 years ago in China and Japan. The development of steam power resulted in better...
Introduction A wide range of in vitro and in situ techniques are used as alternatives to in vivo measurement of ruminal fiber availability. Fiber digestibility and forage fragility are critical factors should to be considered in forage evaluation and diet formulation for ruminants. Digestive characters of dietary neutral detergent fibers (NDF) fraction have been reported to greatly affect feeding behavior, chewing activity, rate of particles...
I. INTRODUCTION The optimum utilization of nutrients, especially energy and protein, by poultry is essential in commercial production. The efficiency of feed utilization has been improved through genetic development (Rege 1994), alongside feed processing and use of feed additives, especially microbial enzymes. Energy utilization in poultry can be measured by assessing metabolizable energy or net energy, which may be for production (NEp) or for maintenance (NEm). The NEp is...
Animal breeding is an old practice developed by humans for the production of dairy foods (cattle), transport (horses), rodeo or recreational events (dogs and bison for instance). The task of domestication and/or specific animal breeding at the industrial level includes controlled mating, successful reproduction of captive species and mass production of selected strains for our own consumption or pleasure. This dates back to the Neolithic period (about 7000 BC) when the men started to settle...
1. Introduction Liquid feed has become a popular feeding system for pigs in many European countries. It consists of a blend compound feed (mixture of raw materials “as fed”) with water or liquid food-industry co-products, in a central tank in the pig unit, before delivery through a pump-and-pipes mechanical system [1,2]. Liquid feed contains about 700–800 g of water per kg, since the capacity of the pump-and-pipes devices determines the upper limit for dry...
1- INTRODUCTION In 2014, it was first reported that pigs could become infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) following consumption of contaminated feed via natural feeding behaviour (Dee et al., 2014). Since that time, similar observations have been reported for Seneca virus A (SVA), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Dee et al., 2020a; Niederwerder et al., 2019,). These and other studies have...
Feed contributes about 70% of total expenses required for the modern poultry enterprises in general. As the days go by, the issue is becoming a cause of concern and it becomes almost mandatory to rethink on the feeding strategies to make the enterprises profitable & sustainable as well. Since the major reason for the concern is the rise in prices of various feedstuffs thus as a consequence practice to utilize comparatively cheaper and unconventional feed ingredients becomes time...
INTRODUCTION It is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feedstuffs and diets, either for least-cost formulation or for adapting feed supply to the metabolizable energy requirements of broilers. Unfortunately, such energy is not used with 100% of efficiency for production, because during metabolism, around 15% of the energy is wasted as heat, and this is commonly referred to as heat increment or specific dynamic action. In fact, net energy values vary with bird...
Introduction The usage of antibiotics as a growth promoter is widely banned by European Union-wide in 2006 due to their side effects on animal health and their residues in meat for human health (EU-wide, 2005). Novel and beneficial feed additives including different dietary fibers with adequate amount promotes the growth performances and maintain their immune and gut health (Jha et al., 2020; Jha and Mishra, 2021). Fenugreek is a popular medicinal plant grown in nature, mostly...
1. Introduction Carotenoids are natural pigments which are responsible for yellow to red colour observed in plants and vegetables (Mortensen, 2006). Carotenoids are important for its various roles in human and animals, these include immune functions, decrease in the risk of disease and antioxidant function (Johnson, 2002; Rao & Honglei, 2002; Hinds et al., 1997). There are over 700 carotenoids (Junpatiw et al., 2013); one of which is the β-carotene. β-carotene can...
1. Introduction Traditional Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) black and green teas, and teas made from medicinal herbs such as peppermint, chamomile, and dog-rose, are consumed daily as the most favoured beverages in Europe and other countries [1,2]. Caffeine-rich teas are commonly imported from the tea-growing regions in China, Japan, Sri Lanka, India, and Kenya, repacked and blended with natural or artificial flavours, dried fruits, and spices, and sold in supermarkets or...
Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on animal health, feed industry, economy, and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. Multi-mycotoxin contamination is a topic of great concern, as co-contaminated samples might still exert adverse effects on animals due to additive/synergistic interactions of the mycotoxins. Since mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely prevented pre-or...
1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat and other small-grain cereals worldwide, caused by several species belonging to the genus Fusarium. Besides causing significant yield losses and reducing grain quality [1], these species are also able to biosynthesize mycotoxins harmful to both humans and animals [2,3]. F. culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. and F. graminearum Schwabe are generally considered the two most important FHB causal...
1. Introduction Grain production is the basis of global food security and is indispensable for feeding the world. In 1798, Malthus argued that the global population increases more rapidly than global food supply until war, disease, or famine reduces the number of people [1]. The failure thus far of Malthus’s prediction has not prevented others from promoting similar scenarios in more recent decades. For example, Paddock [2] forecasted a worldwide famine by 1975 and stated...
Dr. Blake Wilson (Adisseo) commented on the quality of ingredients and the value of networking in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner. ...
Dr. Cassie Jones (Kansas State University) discusses feed control and virus prevention, in this Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
Dr. Markus Wiltafsky-Martin, Responsible for Service Commercialization at Evonik Animal Nutrition, underscores why AMINODat® 6.0, is the most comprehensive animal nutrition database in the world that comprises nutritional data of more than 18,000 feed ingredient samples from all over the world and over 900,000 analytical results. ...