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Introduction The scientific conference entitled "Frontiers in Agricultural Sustainability: Studying the Protein Supply Chain to Improve Dietary Quality" hosted by New York Academy of Sciences highlighted growing controversies on meat consumption by humans in the U.S. (Wu et al. 2014). Over the past decades, there have been growing concerns that consumption of red meat (e.g., beef) increases risks for obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites with adverse effects on human and animal health. To date, more than 400 different molecules, produced by several types of fungi, have been characterized [1]. Because of their high toxicity, aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 (AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 ) are the most important, and are produced by the species of Aspergillus section...
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I. INTRODUCTION Papers have been presented at the past two APSS meetings on the subject of low protein diets (Kidd and Choct, 2017; Hilliar and Swick, 2018; Lambert and Corrent, 2018). Few, if any, have taken note of the economics of such diets. This paper is an examination of the costs of low protein diets. A brief history of amino acids is worth reviewing. Each time a limiting amino acid became available commercially, and was used, the protein level of broiler diets was...
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Both glucose and amino acids are essential for muscle protein deposition and feed conversion efficiency. Total tract nitrogen retention was reported to be influenced by protein and starch digestion in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2013). Embracing the concept of digestive dynamics and applying it in practical diet formulation requires understanding of the variations of protein and starch digestion rates in different ingredients. This present study evaluated protein and starch digestion rates...
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Introduction Animal-source feedstuffs are generally superior to plant-source ones for the growth and health of livestock, poultry, and fish (Wu 2018). This is due, in part, to the greater quantity of proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) and higher quality (the ratios and digestibilities of AAs) of the former than the latter. Traditionally, extensive research has focused on AAs that are not synthesized by animal cells and are known as nutritionally essential AAs (EAAs), including...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are natural contaminants commonly found in plant-derived foodstuffs, mainly cereals and their by-products. Since these raw materials are added as ingredients in feed formulation for different animal species, including cultivated fish, the risk of mycotoxin contamination in feed for aquaculture has increased, thus introducing contaminants (i.e., mycotoxins), which were not previously identified in fish tissues [1]. Diverse studies reported mycotoxin...
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Introduction Coronaviruses belong to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and subfamily Coronavirinae [1], and are characterized by their large genome, helical nucleocapsids, and unique method of gene expression [2]. The subfamily includes four genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and the more recently discovered Deltacoronavirus [3]. Coronaviruses are typically species specific and can infect a variety of birds and mammals [2]. In humans,...
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Feed mixing and delivery is one of the most important activities on the dairy. Mixing and feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) is a multiple-times-per-day activity. Doing this job accurately and consistently time and time again, batch after batch and day after day is critical to production (volume and components), animal health and overall farm economics.
Accuracy and consistency of mixing and feed delivery may be one of the greatest effectors of production and feed efficiency on the...
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1. Introduction Maize is the most common energy source used in commercial monogastric diets, especially in the American, Southern Europe and most Asian countries where maize grain is the primary cereal for poultry feeds (Dei, 2017). However, the nutritional value of maize for livestock feeding can vary (Cowieson, 2005). Genotype, agronomic conditions and pre- and post-harvest processing can affect the chemical characteristics of cereal grains (Gehring et al., 2013). Indeed...
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INTRODUCTION Free radicals are responsible for aging and causative agents of various human diseases. Antioxidant compounds play an important role in various fields such as medical field (to treat cancers, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic inflammations), cosmetics (anti-aging process) and food industries (food preservative) [1]. Seaweeds contain reactive antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbate and glutathione (GSH) when fresh, as well as secondary metabolites including...
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Introduction In Egypt, shrimp culture has fluctuated progress. Although shrimp culture is profitable, but shrimp disease is still one of the major problems. Shrimp’s origin is from the eastern Pacific waters. In practice of shrimp culture, shrimp farmers often use their habit and experience, including the harvest time ( Nour et al ., 2004). Litopenaeus vannamei is the most important penaeid shrimp species farmed earth ( Alcivar- Warren...
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1. Introduction Weaning is one of the most stressful events in pig production [1]. Early weaned piglets face several nutritional and psychosocial stressors, including the transition to a solid diet and the abrupt separation of sows and piglets [2]. These events coincide with an immature immune and digestive system [3], which has consequences, such as the reduced activity of digestive enzymes, changes in intestinal morphology, and reduced nutrient digestion in the small intestine...
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Aaron Kiess (Mississippi State University) and Tomi Obe (University of Georgia) talk about a current hot topic in the poultry processing industry: salmonella sanitization. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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Fermentation products with main and side activities Feed enzymes are mostly produced by fungi or bacteria. Those living organisms produce a wide variety of different enzyme proteins. For commercial practice, only a limited number of those activities is assayed in the laboratory. Assaying e.g. the xylanase activity obviously results in a quantification of the xylanase level, while not providing information about other activities that remain present in the fermentation product. In...
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Dr. Hector M. Cervantes, Senior Manager, Poultry Veterinary Services, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, gave this presentation during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium: New Science & Technology Tools for Antibiotic Stewardship....
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Shawna Weimer (University of Maryland) discusses one of the latest impacts COVID-19 has had on the poultry industry: Mail Order Chicks. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is increasing efforts aimed at bolstering the global response to Fall Armyworm (FAW), considered one of the top 10 devastating plant pests affecting food and agriculture.
FAO Director-General, QU Dongyu, noted today that great strides had been made by the Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control (GA), a coordination mechanism established by him a year ago, but emphasized that many challenges remain to be tackled in...
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Mohamed Manssouri, Director of FAO’s Investment Centre discusses the Centre’s work and expansion plans.
What’s the FAO Investment Centre?
Simply put, the FAO Investment Centre creates investment solutions in sustainable food and agriculture. The Centre offers a range of investment support services helping countries to create long-term investment policies and plans, to design and implement investment projects with...
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Global demand for seafood is growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2030, an additional 41 million tons of fish per year will be needed to maintain current levels of seafood consumption. Aquaculture is the solution, and soy-based feed is a sustainable and healthful alternative to traditional fish-based aquafeeds.
In particular, grouper has been identified as a desired fish in the live reef food fish trade in Southeast Asia due to their desirable taste, hardiness in captivity, efficient...
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