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INTRODUCTION The increasing global population and the limiting global capture fisheries undeniably increase the demand of aquaculture. On the other hand, those will also bring about limitation to aquaculture expansion in particular of land and water utilization. Therefore, productivity enhancement in term of total production per input used becomes one of the major priority in the development of aquaculture (Avnimelech et al., 2008) . Aquaculture is the culture of...
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1. INTRODUCTION Several studies have linked declining reproduction especially male fertility to toxicants found in the environment, particularly endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates (Wong and Cheng, 2011; Nordkap et al., 2012). One of the phthalates, Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has attracted special attention due to high production volume in millions of tons annually (Swan and Elkin, 1999; Guerra et al., 2010). As a result, human and...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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1. Introduction Virgin olive oil is an essential component of the traditional Mediterranean diet. Its quality is known to be influenced by a number of factors, including plant variety, environmental conditions, agronomic and harvesting practices and technological processes [1,2]. The International Olive Council (IOC) [3] and the European Union (EU) [4] have established standards that can be applied to all the olive oils subject to international trade. The Commission...
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INTRODUCTION One of the important cardinals of management is feeding and it accounts for 50-70% cost of production (Peter and Bern, 2013) but there has recently been an increase in competition among the ingredients used in the manufacture of animal feed. There is consequently a great need for alternatives that can supply in the high demand for such ingredients, in particular for soya bean meal (Chisoro, 2015). The use of plants (leaf meals) that are not directly used by humans...
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1. Introduction Biochar (BC) is obtained via the pyrolysis of organic material. In the process, biomass is treated by heat in very low oxygen (or other oxidizers) content, where complex chemical compounds are transformed into simpler ones, eventually yielding gaseous products such as water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C 2 H 6 ), and also solid carbon residue often named...
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Introduction The transition period into lactation remains one of the most challenging and important phases of the production cycle in a dairy cow. It is a transient period around calving characterised by drastic changes in the hormonal status, 2 to 5-fold (Bradford, 2020) increases in nutrient demand and apportioning of 85% of body glucose to the mammary gland. Simultaneously, the requirement for specific fatty acids escalates by more than four times (Bell, 1995; McFadden and...
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One Health - International Rendering Symposium
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INTRODUCTION Poultry population in Nigeria is put at 140 million and it is a major contributor to the economy (FMAWR, 2008). There is also a consistent rise in intensification of production and a growth rate of 306.6% between 1999 and 2004 (Glipha, 2007). The importance of these statistics is that Nigeria inadvertently contributes to environmental issues currently debated world - wide vix air and water pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, climate change etc. Owing to the...
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Ingredients come to the feed processor from a variety of sources. Many of these, particularly the coarse cereal grains, require some degree of processing before they are ready to be blended into an animal ration. The process of particle size reduction improves ingredient performance during mixing and, in most cases, the nutritive value of an ingredient can be improved or more nearly realized. There are many ways to reduce the particle size of feed ingredients. Two of the most common...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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1. Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is a monoecious plant of the Poaceae family, and it is cultivated worldwide. Two phases can be distinguished during its growth—vegetative and reproductive. The vegetative phase begins with the growth of the plant and culminates with the appearance of the male flower. The reproductive phase begins with the emergence of the female flower, and the physiological maturity of the cob takes place in this stage [1]. Maize is one of the most...
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Introduction The implementation and monitoring of quality control, quality assurance systems, and their standard operating procedures in feed mill operations are integral in assessing the overall success and profitability of livestock operations. The proper sampling of finished feed and its subsequent analysis is a common standard operating procedure that is used for most swine nutrition studies to ensure that adequate diet manufacturing and delivery have been met; therefore,...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are among the microbial toxins of most concern to public health, and they represent a barrier to a wider international trade of agri-food products and an important obstacle in the face of the harmonization of regulatory standards globally, as was discussed earlier [1]. They are produced by various mould species as low-molecular-weight non-immunogenic secondary metabolites whose occurrence has been reported in virtually all foods and feeds...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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1. Introduction The Capsicum genus, which includes more than 30 species of flowering pepper plants, belongs to one of the most important families known as Solanaceae. Although developed countries continue to be the main producers of pepper crops, its cultivation provides an important source of income for small producers in many developing countries. Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops contributing to significant foreign exchange earnings in Sub-Saharan Africa...
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