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Introduction Reproductive efficiency of roosters and the hens they mate determines the breeding flock fertility which is as important to the entrepreneur as the egg lay is (Akhlaghi et al., 2014). Fertility is essential to produce the maximum number of quality chicks per hen housed. Without producing fertile eggs, the best incubators and hatchery management procedures cannot produce chicks (Bramwell et al., 1996). Through intense genetic selection and improved nutritional...
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In this study, the effect of sustainable probiotics on Campylobacter jejuni colonization and gut microbiome composition was evaluated using chicken as a model organism. Chickens were given Lactobacillus casei over-expressing myosin-cross-reactive antigen (LC+mcra). LC+mcra can generate bioactive compounds in larger quantity including conjugated linoleic acid. A total of 120 chickens were used in duplicate trials to investigate the effectiveness of LC+mcra in decreasing C. jejuni colonization...
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Introduction Avian respiratory tract infections are associated with massive economic losses particularly under poor intensive rearing conditions in winter sea-sons. Several pathogens, adverse environmental conditions and poor managemental factors are involved [1–3]. Pathogens include avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)....
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1. Introduction The poultry industry has been suffering from several pathogens in Egypt during recent decades, including avian influenza viruses (AIV) that may be either highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV; H5N1, H5N2, H5N8) or low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV; H9N2) viruses, velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV; variant 1, variant 2, and classic wild virus), infectious bursal disease (either variant or virulent virus),...
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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INTRODUCTION Newly hatched birds have immature and undeveloped immune system (Bar-Shira et al., 2003). Maternalderived antibodies (MDA) play a critical role in early protection against pathogenic organisms (Kramer and Cho, 1970). Maternal antibodies are immunoglobulins that are transferred from vaccinated or naturally infected breeder hens to the progeny through the egg, which provide passive immunity to progeny and protect them against infectious...
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An immunomodulator is any substance that helps to regulate the immune system. The function and efficiency of the immune system may be influenced by various exogenous and endogenous factors resulting in either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Several compounds with an...
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Effects of methionine supplement sources and crude protein on Ross 708 male broiler performance
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Dear Tejada Thank you for your comment Yes as we all know in the several reports pelleted diet had a good effect on performance parameters, but in broiler due to short life cycle (42-45 days), the positive energy balance in them may not be paid much attention, but because of the nutritional status of the bird influences lipid metabolism in liver, in another study we used plant extracts as feed additive, and our results suggested all remedies used as potential candidates for the...
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1. Introduction Aflatoxins are highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by Aspergillus flavus and closely related fungi in several crops [1]. Maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) are amongst the most susceptible crops. Crop contamination with these potent compounds negatively affects both human and animal health, the income of farmers, and trade opportunities [2–4]. In the case of animals, when feeds are prepared with aflatoxin-contaminated crops,...
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Background
Antibiotic Growth Promotors (AGPs) are a group of feed additives widely used to improve animal health and performance. Mode of action is actually still an area of debate, but it is clear we have moved away from a simple model of reduction of pathogens / reduction of microbiota competition with the host animal to one where reduction of inflammation and modulation of immune response is a more likely explanation.
AGPs are effective in enhancing...
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Introduction With the expansion of the commercial broiler chicken industry, metabolic disorders have become emerging serious hazards in bird’s health and profitability (Savard et al., 2013). Fatty liver, among many other metabolic syndromes, has not received adequate attention in broiler research while it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many liver and kidney diseases and may directly cause low performance and a great economic loss (Zhang et...
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Strategies to Reduce Colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in Layers
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by Sam Shafer
A new study published in Poultry Science® shows that body weight, residual feed intake, and feeding behavior traits are all highly heritable traits in Pekin ducks. The research, led by scientists at China Agricultural University and Beijing Golden Star Inc., may help guide the selection for certain feeding behaviors and further help producers improve feed efficiency in their flocks.
Pekin ducks are the leading breed of duck used for meat...
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1. Introduction Poultry meat is considered a healthy source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the omega (n)-3 fatty acids [1], and still remains one of the cheapest sources of protein [2]. The OECD-FAO agriculture outlook 2016–2025 forecasts an expansion of meat production by 1.8 Mt annually by 2025, mainly due to pork and poultry products [2]. Moreover, the poultry sector is possibly the fastest...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the top enteric infectious diseases in commercial broiler chickens that is caused primarily by Clostridium perfringens (CP) A/G strains and responsible for around $6 billion economical loss worldwide. Coccidiosis is the major predisposing factor for NE. With gradual reduction and eventual withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed due to public and regulatory pressures, alternatives to antibiotic approaches assume top- priority for...
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Maintaining bird comfort during the hot, humid summer is critical for optimum weight gain, feed conversion, and livability. In most situations, modern-day poultry houses are equipped with tunnel ventilation systems with large exhaust fans at one end and evaporative cooling pads at the opposite end. Evaporative pads are chosen mainly for their high efficiency, while foggers (low-pressure misting systems) may be installed as a supplement to cool cell systems. Unfortunately, however,...
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PSA interviewed Billy Hargis (University of Arkansas) to hear his insights regarding the spread of viruses from different classes within the animal kingdom and the use of antibiotics in animals raises for food. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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1. Introduction The economic losses caused by mycotoxins are mostly related to the extra costs employed to reduce or eliminate mycotoxin contamination in the diet, and the financial losses due to suboptimal animal production (Magnoli et al., 2019). Among the mycotoxins affecting livestock production, the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) appears as one of the most important ones. The knowledge regarding the effects of DON on broilers is mostly based on studies using...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of low molecular weights produced by certain strains of filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, which invade crops in the field and may grow on foods during storage under favaourable conditions of temperature and humidity. The most common mycotoxins are aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and out of which aflatoxins (AF) commonly contaminate a wide variety of tropical and...
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