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1. Introduction Antimicrobials are routinely used to treat clinical livestock diseases, as well as to control common disease events, or even as animal growth promoters [1]. Though the latter use is not allowed in many countries worldwide, in some still continue using them for prophylaxis and as growth promoters’ purposes [2,3]. Tetracyclines and sulfonamides are some of the most frequently used antimicrobial classes in animal production throughout the world [4]....
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NEW POLICIES AND ACTIONS
"Dual control of energy consumption" has become a crucial driving force for the contradiction between supply and demand of the veterinary APIs market. On Sep 16, the state planning agency published new policy...
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Introduction According to the FAO, livestock is one of the fastest growing sectors of global agricultural production. It is evolving in response to the rapid increase in demand for products of animal origin, especially in developing countries. In developed countries, through intensification practices that have helped increase yields and efficiency while bringing down costs, the demand for livestock products is stagnating and have to face many...
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In recent years protein feed ingredients are consistently increasing in cost and protein in poultry diets has become one of the most expensive nutrient. Urbanization is putting pressure to produce more and high quality protein sources in less space. Neutralizing substandard quality feed ingredients with effective tools has also become a new concern. In parallel people are more concerned on impact of animal agriculture on environmental pollution. Hence research has focused in the direction to...
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How Does Coccidiosis Affect Poultry Farming, and What Strategies Can Mitigate Its Impact?
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Introduction Sorghum ranks fifth in global cereal production after corn, wheat, rice and barley. Most of the world’s sorghum grain is fed to animals, including poultry, but it is also used for food (Africa) and alcohol (ethanol, beer in Africa and baijiu in China). World sorghum production for the last 5 years averaged about 63 million metric tonne (Mmt), the USA being the largest producer (about 12 Mmt or 18% of world production). Australian production averaged...
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 (Ecobiol®) alone or in combination with antibiotic growth promoters improve performance in broilers under enteric pathogen challenge
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Some breeder flocks have higher egg peak production, 92%, whereas other breeder flocks reach 82% at egg peak. On the other hand, some broiler breeders lay a good peak egg production, but as hens age, egg production descends more than expected. In this situation, how can we increase the persistence of egg production in broiler breeders? Breeder managers should evaluate the following four points for improving the persistence of egg production: (a) body weight uniformity and peak egg...
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INTRODUCTION Feed management practices, aiming to improve animal welfare without increasing production cost, are becoming more important for the poultry industry (Mateos et al., 2012). In broilers, ad libitum feeding of pellet feeds is associated with a reduction in starch digestibility (Svihus and Hetland, 2001; Abdollahi et al., 2011; Serrano et al., 2013) and an increase in the incidence of metabolic problems (e.g., ascites and lameness) and mortality (Leeson et al., 1999;...
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Introduction Genetic companies using new advances in genetic engineering are working to achieve high-persistence brown and white egg layer hybrids capable of producing more than 500 eggs in a 100-week lay and molt-free period. 1-The quality of the shell is the main reason for a producer to discard a flock of layer. 2-The posture drop is the second. - The most important nutritional strategy is bone health during rearing and all production through the...
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Ammonia, also called NH3, can be measured using a specific portable instrument as you can do with temperature, humidity, etc. Also it can be supplied an NH3 sensor by the companies making the Poultry houses control systems as part of this system. With this, you can control it, if installed, 24/7 through a web browser. To detect Ammonia it is not even really needed to measure it since during the daily check in the Poultry houses it is easy to detect it by the “smell”. ...
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INTRODUCTION Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid and third limiting in typical commercial corn-soybean diets for white egg-laying hens (Russell and Harms, 1999). Tryptophan is primarily used for protein synthesis to maintain egg production but also plays a role as a precursor of serotonin which is synthesized to melatonin to regulate sleep, appetite, and stress responses. In addition, Trp can be converted to the B-vitamin niacin through the kynurenine pathway (Rogers and...
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Introduction Poultry eggs are biological structures intended by nature for reproduction and are highly versatile foods containing many essential nutrients as they support life during embryonic growth (Abanikannda et al., 2007). Chicken eggs are familiar, nutritious, economical and easy to prepare food, as they provide balanced sources of nutrients for humans of all ages (Matt et al., 2009). Moreover, their high quality protein, low caloric value and easy of digestibility make...
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1. Introduction Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention [1–6]. There are a range of redox pairs in cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. They include, but are not limited to, NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, GSSH/GSH (glutathione system), Trxox/Trxred (thioredoxin system), protein thiolsox/protein thiolsred. It is...
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Introduction Wheat and barley as alternative cereals can be successfully replaced with corn in poultry diets. These grains could locally grow in many areas of the world and have lower water requirements than corn (Ravindran et al. 1999; Lin et al . 2010). The major components of wheat and barley are starch and proteins, though they have considerable content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), derived from the cell walls (Olukosi et al . 2007;...
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I. INTRODUCTION Commercial poultry diets are routinely supplemented with methionine (Met) sources to precisely meet their Met+Cys specifications. Globally, dry DL-methionine (DL-Met, 99% purity) is the most commonly used Met source followed by methionine hydroxy analogue products (MHA-FA liquid, 88% purity and dry MHA-Ca, 84% purity) and L-methionine (LMet, 99% purity). During recent years, numerous studies designed to determine the replacement ratio of L- and DL-Met products...
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I. INTRODUCTION Dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) is defined by the interrelationship between sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ) and chloride (Cl - ) where DEB = Na ++ K + -Cl - as mEq/kg and it plays an influential role in homeostasis of the body fluids. Borges et al. (2004) investigated DEB in two experiments and concluded that there was a quadratic effect on weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) when the DEB was...
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