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1. Introduction Small-scale poultry production is a very common practice in rural households around the world, and several studies have evidenced that these production systems have played and continue to play an important domestic socio-economic role in many poor rural households [1,2]. Backyard poultry production systems (BPS) are the most popular systems within small-scale poultry production, where animals are usually kept without proper disease prevention or control...
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FLORFENICOL On October 21, the average market price was 440 yuan/kg, an increase of 0.69% MoM, a three-month high, but slightly lower than the same period last year, a YoY decrease of 2.21%. After...
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During a U.S. Soybean Export Council digital customer workshop, experts like Massimiliano Petracci and Giulia Baldi from University of Bologna, in Italy, explained the importance of adequate nutrition in order to get the desired poultry meat quality.
Petracci discussed carcass quality and some of the factors that influence defects. These factors include poultry handling and slaughtering procedures, and stunning. Petracci also shared the role of diet on carcass quality, emphasizing...
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Introduction Protein is a major and expensive component of animal feed, accounting for about 20% of the total dry matter content of swine and poultry diets. Soybean meal is the leading source of feed protein [ 1 ]. In the gut, protein is hydrolyzed by endogenous proteases, principally pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and...
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Dr. Andreas Lemme, Director of Technical Consultancy, explains the challenges in poultry production today with a focus on improving sustainability, particularly finding optimum balance between the socio-ethical, environmental and economic factors. "With regards to environmental aspects, the WWF report from 2016 clearly identified the natural boundaries for coping with nitrogen and phosphorous are heavily exceeded"....
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1. Introduction Heat stress (HS) has undesired effects on the growth performance [1,2] and meat quality [3] of broiler chickens. During HS, chickens seek to dissipate unwanted and excess body heat by increasing panting, resulting in alteration of blood acid/base status, which in turn can give rise to respiratory alkalosis [4] and disruptions in muscle membrane integrity [3]. Additionally, the work required to maintain body temperature consumes diverts energy from metabolic...
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1. Introduction Antimicrobial drugs have a prominent role within the veterinary and animal sciences as they have been used not only for therapeutic and preventive purposes, but also as growth promoters [1]. Although the European Union has banned the latter practice, it is unfortunately still common in other countries [2,3]. Tetracyclines are the main antimicrobial drugs currently in use for veterinary purposes. Sulfonamides and macrolides are the next most common...
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INTRODUCTION Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals for all the living organisms including poultry. Phosphorus being a part of energy currency, plays a critical role in cellular metabolism as well as also required in bone formation. Phosphorus is bound to phytic acid in plants thus doesn't get avail to poultry. To compensate this, additionally, Phosphorus source supplements such as dicalcium phosphate are added in the feed. This addition increases the feed cost and...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM The main interests of animal nutritionists are in biology, not econometrics. As a result, the economic interpretation of feeding practices has practically been ignored in animal nutrition texts and in teaching programs. The development and implementation of easy, customized software models should facilitate the teaching of (and increase interest in) the economic ramifications of choices in animal nutrition and...
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The greater intensification of animal production cannot neglect the welfare and the correct conditions of animal housing and management. The European Union (EU) has established a wide range of legislative provisions that guarantee this condition and more and...
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Introduction With an average of 314.2 kg/capita consumed per year worldwide, poultry meat is the most widely eaten type of meat in the world (OECD, 2019). Poultry production and consumption have increased substantially over the last 40 to 50 y and are expected to further increase, especially in developing countries, which may make chicken meat the most valuable meat protein source for a growing global population. The universal success of chicken meat is found in its...
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Background Infectious synovitis was first described and associated with mycoplasma infection in the USA during the early 1950’s [1] and the causative organism was designated later as Mycoplasma synoviae [2]. It is a cosmopolitan microorganism in poultry production. The clinical signs of MS infection can be different according to its tropism and poultry categories. M. synoviae infection most frequently occurs as a subclinical upper respiratory infection, but more severe...
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Mohammad Afrouziyeh (University of Alberta) discusses Least Cost Feed formulation and Maximum Profit Feed formulation models, as well as the application of mathematical Linear Programming and Non Linear Programming models that are used in animal nutrition....
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1. Introduction Transportation coops have been shown to be a vector for cross-contamination during the 3–12 h transportation and holding period that occurs before birds are processed [1]. These coops contain organic matter and microorganisms left by previously transported flocks [2]. Salmonella and Campylobacter levels can increase by 20 to 40% during loading, transportation, and holding before being processed [3–5]. Transportation is a known stress factor in poultry...
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1. Introduction Microbiota is defined as the microbial community, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, which colonise different areas of animals and have an important influence on animal health, productivity and disease control [1–9]. Hence, the presence of beneficial microbiota plays an important role in production, protection from pathogens, control of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, detoxification (controlling the behavioural...
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The average commercial broiler consumes 3.2 kg of feed over 35 days to achieve 1.8 kg of body weight, compared with more than 20 kg of feed over 112 days to attain the same weight in the 1920’s. This improvement in poultry growth performance has been achieved, in large part, through advances in animal genetics, health, and nutrition, including the use of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters such as virginiamycin and bacitracin methylene disalicylate. Dietary antibiotics have been used...
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In general, composting poultry can be described as an all-natural, environmentally friendly method of mortality management, which minimizes water and air pollution by retaining nutrients, pathogens, and odors. Given the right conditions, microorganisms break down organic material (poultry mortalities, in this case) and carbon into a useful and valuable finished product. Composting also can enhance disease prevention efforts and biosecurity practices by operating in an...
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INTRODUCTION The rapid expansion of commercial ethanol production, esp. in the United States, has resulted in a significant increase in the availability of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of the ethanol production process (De Matteis et al. , 2019). Total annual ethanol and DDGS production in the USA is 15 billion gallons and 44 million metric tons, respectively, making the USA the world’s largest DDGS producer (US Grains Council,...
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Martin Smith, Technical Service Director, Animal Nutrition, explains how Evonik has recognised the need to expand its services to meet the growing challenges faced by nutritionists and livestock production managers; building on the company’s strong foundation and experience in animal ...
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1. Introduction The population of the world is growing at exponential rates and, according to United Nation’s Revision of World Population Prospects https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/), it is projected to reach a number of over 9.7 billion by 2050. This population growth poses issues that may affect the sustainability of demographic, social and economic systems. More specifically, one of the main challenges consists of finding a way to feed all these people and agriculture,...
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