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For the last three decades poultry production worldwide has made tremendous progress in terms of quantity and quality of meat and egg production, including improvement of growth rate and feed conversion rate. However, it has been proven that commercial poultry production is associated with a range of stresses including environmental, technological, nutritional, and internal/biological [1,2]. Indeed, it is practically impossible to avoid stresses, so therefore overproduction of free radicals...
The vaccination of laying hens with live vaccines against Salmonella Enteritidis applied in a 3-dose vaccination regimen during rearing has been one of the measures implemented that has reduced the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry and therefore also the risk of...
INTRODUCTION The continued use of antibiotics in feed has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms, which is a major concern in the poultry industry (Diarra et al., 2007; Garcia-Migura et al., 2014; Roth et al., 2019). Therefore, the use of in-feed antibiotics has been reduced, and the identification of alternative strategies to antibiotics has become a primary research focus. Comparisons of alternatives to antibiotics on gastrointestinal health, shown...
Water is a critical but often overlooked nutrient. Animals can survive longer without food than they can without water. Water is involved in every aspect of animal metabolism. It plays an important role in the regulation of body temperature, digesting food, and eliminating wastes. At normal temperatures, water consumption can double or quadruple. To remain healthy, poultry flocks require water of adequate quality and quantity.
Color, Taste, and...
No common feedstuff is 100% digested. In practice, 10-15% are excreted in faeces without bringing any means to bird requirement and in addition cause potential anti-nutritional effects. Thus, there is no doubt poultry benefits the most from use of exogenous enzymes and is becoming a...
There is a concern amongst many poultry producers that bringing in fresh air on a foggy morning will lead to an increased incidence of litter caking. This is due to belief that the foggy air entering house through side wall inlets contains a large number of small water droplets...
It may be difficult to comprehend, but water actually doesn’t “flow” in drinker lines...it slowly drifts. In a way it is more appropriate to consider the flow of water in drinker lines as a pond more than as a rushing river. This holds true for a house with day-old birds or even market-age birds. Drinker line flow rates are fairly easy to calculate. For instance, a flock of 50-day-old broilers will consume roughly 85 gals/1,000 per day (Watkins, 2009). If there are...
According to monitoring data provided by the China Veterinary Medicine and Feed Trading Center, the price index of major veterinary APIs is operating smoothly with relatively little volatility in the market price. Heat and humidity are unfriendly to the production of some varieties of APIs. Factories have recently arranged seasonal shutdowns for maintenance. It is expected to result in a tight supply of the related raw materials in the short term. Heavy rains and floods in northern...
One of the purposes of preheating a broiler house is to insure the litter is properly dried prior to chick placement. Research has shown that the higher the litter moisture level, the higher the level of ammonia production, potential for bacterial growth, paw damage,...
by Sam Shafer
When it comes to poultry feed, particle size makes a big difference for bird nutrition.
Research shows that chickens increase their feed intake and performance when given pelleted feed or crumbled pellets, compared with mash.
This has led researchers to wonder whether feeding crumbles could jumpstart very early chick growth and boost final broiler body weights. It is important to study this question because pellets and crumbles are more...
by Sam Shafer
Properly cooking poultry products is key to avoiding bacterial infections such as Campylobacter, so there are concerns that the recent popularity of undercooked chicken livers, often served as a pâté, could lead to foodborne illnesses.
Poultry scientists are curious whether the same concern is relevant for turkey livers—an important question as turkey consumption continues to grow in the United States.
To better...
Background Recently, a comprehensive review paper devoted to roles of nano-Se in livestock and fish nutrition has been published in the Nanoscale Research Letters [1]. The authors described in great detail an issue related to nano-Se production and its possible applications in animal industry and medicine. Indeed, it is well established that many molecules presented as nanoparticles have unusual behaviour due to the new properties of such particles. In fact, in most of the...
This article will make a similarity of both companies from the perspective of the meat byproducts rendering plants. Walmart is the largest and most successful retail company in American history and Kmart was its direct competitor in its early days. Walmart focused on improving its process not only in technology, but it also trained its employees so that they understood the importance of reducing costs without deteriorating the quality and their service, focusing in details. Kmart invested in...
The issue of antibiotics resistance on animals has raised concerns about meat safety and human health. The banning of antibiotics- growth promoter in animal feed was announced in the EU in 2006. Other countries are starting to follow the regulation to comply with the compulsory withdrawal periods to ensure ‘antibiotics free products. Supplementation in nutrients to enhance the immunity system and lower the risk of the pathogen can help to reach the balance between maintaining animal...
Thermal stress happens when the animal leaves its thermal comfort zone, it means neither too cold nor too hot, let's say it feels good. In both of the cases, the stress due to heat and cold, the problem itself is not the temperature alone, but its relation to relative humidity level. The...
1. Introduction A previous study reported nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli as some of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens in the U.S. [1]. Overall, health-related cost associated with the food borne illness from those pathogens was estimated to be around $51.0 and $77.7 billion based on a basic and enhanced model, respectively, as described earlier [1,2]. S. enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) that...
Introduction A 42-year history of information on Salmonella enterica serotypes indicates it is essential to rapidly determine serotype and subtype of isolates from contaminated products to improve the safety of food (Liu et al., 2011; Fabre et al., 2012; CDC-NCEZID, 2013; Lettini et al., 2014). Recently, a sequence-based method called dkgB-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping (ISR) became available to producers who want to independently screen for serotypes of S. enterica...