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INTRODUCTION Corn and soybean meal are ingredients that have a good digestibility, however depending on the storage, crop and variety, these ingredients may have a change in their nutritional quality. For broilers, these ingredients constitute around 70 and 30% of the diet, respectively. Thus, any small improvement in their quality significantly influences the performance of the broiler chickens and the meat production cost. The carbohydrate fraction of cereal ingredients has...
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Deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) and is prevalently found in grains such as wheat, corn, barley and their by-products. Food and feed contaminated with DON cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans and farm animals. Poultry are also adversely affected by DON but less susceptible due to differences in DON metabolism. Because of the differences in breeds, types of diet and strains of poultry,...
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Background For many years the commercial broiler industry has focused on genetic selection for economically important traits such as rapid gain of muscle mass, decreased time from hatch to market, and increased feed efficiency. Undoubtedly, this strategy has resulted in the development of a chicken genotype with superior growth characteristics, but history has shown that intensive genetic selection in meat type poultry for production traits will inevitably lead to occurrence of...
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WHAT IS HEAT STRESS? It is a combination of metabolic and environmental factors that forces animals to undergo physiological, metabolic and behavioral adaptations to maintain body temperature within normal limits and in a sustained mode. Heat stress occurs when the...
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The history of antibiotic use in poultry feed is quite old and in a very short period of time it gained a special identity as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). There is no doubt, this special name came from its proven effect on the growth performance. However, Health officials desperate to maintain the efficacy of...
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This award recognizes the achievements of PSA members in the early stages of their career in academia. It is given every other year.
Dawn Koltes
Iowa State University
Dawn Koltes is an assistant professor in the Department of Animal Science at Iowa State...
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This award recognizes the achievements of PSA members in the early stages of their career in poultry research. It is given every other year.
Elizabeth Bobeck
Iowa State University
Dr. Elizabeth Bobeck completed her PhD at UW-Madison under...
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1. Introduction Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease with a significant impact on global poultry production. ND is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), formerly known as Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1), belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae (https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ accessed on 20 October 2021). The genome of NDV is single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA encoding six structural proteins: nucleocapsid protein (NP),...
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INTRODUCTION The poultry industry is one of the main suppliers of animal protein worldwide, contributing both meat and eggs (1, 2). This is an industry in constant growth, as demonstrated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA reported that 102.9 million tons of chicken meat were produced in January of 2020, which represents a 3.9% increase compared to the same period of the previous year (3). This increase is important, given that by 2050 the human...
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Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Ingredients for Broiler Chickens is Influenced by Feed Form
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis is the term used to describe an enteric disease caused by infection with one or more species of Eimeria (1), and has a high economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide (2, 3). The etiology of this intestinal disease are pathogenic Eimeria species that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa, in particular Eimeria maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina (1). Currently, seven species of Eimeria are known to infect chickens and differ in pathogenicity....
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Introduction Soyabean meal is the most important source of dietary protein for poultry in South Africa and much of the world. The increased use of vegetable protein meals in animal feeds has been brought about through consumer pressure for more sustainable and welfare oriented animal protein production. The increased use of vegetable protein sources has highlighted the importance of protein quality and the methods used to control quality have increased proportionately....
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INTRODUCTION Genetic selection for higher growth rate, and providing balanced diet and superior health care measures led to a higher body weight in commercial broilers. The birds that are being reared in open-sided poultry houses may lead to stress due to constant dynamic variations in temperature and humidity in the environment, which causes adverse effects on performance (Niu et al., 2009), meat quality and immune responses (Thompson and Scott, 1970). Further, heat causes a...
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INTRODUCTION In recent years, interest in the welfare of hens has been increasing. The public and activist groups than by scientific evidence have influenced much of current European legislation on the welfare of laying hens more. These groups proposed that the European Union abolish the cage housing system by the enriched cage system (750 cm 2 of surface per bird); where the hens also have perches and nesting material (Bulmer y Gil, 2008). In this regard, in the...
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INTRODUCTION Poultry are important Campylobacter reservoirs, with 50 to 70% of human infections related with food preparation flaws and the consumption of poultry products (FAO/WHO, 2001). Campylobacter is frequently detected in the digestive tract of poultry, and particularly of broilers older than three weeks of age, rapidly disseminating until market age (Stern & Robach, 1995; Jacobs-Reitsma, 1995). Campylobacter incidence in broilers may be related to management...
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INTRODUCTION A healthy gut can help birds to gain optimum growth performance because gastrointestinal tract (GI) is meant for digestion/absorption of nutrients and immune response. The mucosal membrane of the intestine serves as a barrier between luminal digesta and tissues and requires a dynamic balance between different components of gut like epithelial cells, microbiome, and immune system cells for proper functioning. One of the most important components that affect...
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Protein is the second most expensive nutrient in animal feed formulation, after energy. Diets which have excess crude protein can overload the gastrointestinal tract with excess amino acids and undigested protein (Apajalahti and Vienola, 2016), resulting in impaired feed efficiency, health and welfare issues as well as negative environmental impacts via excess nitrogen excretion. Reducing dietary protein in poultry diets can help to mitigate some of these negative effects. In poultry diets,...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis remains one of the most significant diseases affecting poultry production globally. It is well-recognized that infection with Eimeria parasites occurs in every location where chickens are raised and these infections influence growth, feed efficiency, mortality and the susceptibility to other diseases. As a result, the economic impact of coccidiosis is likely greater than any other disease affecting poultry production, with a recent global estimate of...
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