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Introduction Acidifiers are combination of organic acids. Organic acid is a chemical compound from the class of fatty acids that have a pH below 7 Organic acids included in feeds in order to lower the pH of the feed, gut, & microbial cytoplasm thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic intestinal microflora. ...
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Afla-V ONE is the world's first single-calibration lateral flow strip test method able to detect total aflatoxins in just minutes for complete feeds and pet foods. Designed for use with the Vertu TOUCH lateral flow strip test reader, Afla-V ONE answers a growing need for aflatoxin monitoring in complete feeds, offering on-time data for real-world preventive management. No special training or expertise is required, and Afla-V ONE may be used virtually anywhere....
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1. Introduction There is a tremendous interest in the understanding of immune response against pathogens and toxins on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the birds due to in this specialized system, as it harbors 70 to 80 percent of the avian immune cells and molecules [1]. Additionally, there is an overwhelming interest in finding new alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) because of regulations and consumer preference in many countries which these strategies are...
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INTRODUCTION The Amazon rainforest is an important regulatory mechanism of the tropical atmosphere and its climate variation, performing important functions in the climate equilibrium of several ecosystems and their inhabitants. The region also has unique climate and environment characteristics (Fisch et al., 1998). The development of poultry production in the region thus presents several challenges related to birds’ environmental comfort, depending on the type of...
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Strategic Care for Chicken in Cold Weather: Combating Poultry Viral Diseases
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Introduction Dermanyssus gallinae (de Geer, 1778), often called the poultry red mite (PRM), is highly prevalent in most parts of the world, especially in farms of laying hens (Sparagano et al., 2009; Sigognault-Flochlay et al., 2017). In uncontrolled conditions PRM populations can grow to very high numbers, commonly reaching up to 50,000 parasites per bird (Sparagano et al., 2014). Especially at night, adult PRM and nymph stages bite hens to suck blood (Sparagano et al.,...
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Introduction Fungal contamination in grains is a serious issue for modern animal production. Mold growth is associated with decreased nutrient content in animal feedstuff (Vieira, 2003). Furthermore, the development of fungi under specific conditions may lead to another major threat: mycotoxin production. In past decades, over one quarter of the world’s food crop production was estimated to be contaminated with mycotoxins (CAST, 2003). Mycotoxins are secondary fungal...
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INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry illness caused by toxin-producing strains of Clostridium perfringens (CP) type A, type C and type G (1). NE is a pathology of global concern, with important consequences for flock productivity and economic viability (2). The total cost of NE outbreaks worldwide has been estimated to be over 2 billion dollars annually (3, 4). NE can present itself as a sudden increase in mortality or simply as a subclinical illness (2). CP is...
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INTRODUCTION Members of the genus avian adenovirus (AAV), from the family Adenoviridae, affect birds and are considered as important pathogens in the poultry industry. However, the importance of AAV as primary pathogens remains controversial because strains from the same serotype show variable pathogenicity (Okuda et al., 2006; Marek et al., 2010). The fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) belong to group 1 Aviadenovirus. These are further classified into 12 serotypes, 1-8a, 8b-11, of...
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Trace minerals are indispensable components in poultry diets. Minerals like Calcium, Phosphorus, and Manganese play a major role in growth, bone development of birds, whereas Copper and Zinc are responsible for maintaining the feather color. Minerals have a key role in enzyme structure like Catalase (Fe), carbonic anhydrous (Zn), SOD (Cu, Zn, Mn) and GSH (Se). There are two forms of trace elements available to birds ie., Inorganic and Organic form. Trace minerals in inorganic forms such as...
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Breno Beirão (Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil) commented on the needs of farmers in order to make a successful transition and comply with the current demands of the industry, during IPVS2022 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil....
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Introduction Water is considered an essential nutrient as it is involved in every metabolic function of the body. It represents about 70% of body weight, and its body content decreases per weight unit as the animal ages, despite the increase in water consumption. Water turnover rate is high compared to that of other compounds (Leeson & Summers, 1997). Water intake is a determinant of broiler performance, as it influences bird health and welfare status (Brooks, 1994;...
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INTRODUCTION Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is present in many different types of broiler production systems. In 1 study, Pagazaurtundua and Warriss (2006) estimated prevalence of FPD ranged from 9.6 to 98.1% depending on the housing system used. This common issue has a large impact on growers because the presence of FPD is associated with decreased live weight and leg meat yield and increased carcass condemnations (Hashimoto et al., 2013). These condemnations can have a massive...
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In this video interview, Martina Kluenemann, Research Manager for Nutrition Immunology and Physiology at Evonik Animal Nutrition, highlights how Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) could be beneficial to improving animal energy metabolism in animal diets...
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Introduction Saponins are a broad group of plant-derived compounds composed of both water-soluble and fat-soluble moieties. These properties impart detergent-like qualities to these molecules that allow them to display many biological activities (Cheeke 2000). Studies of their function in plants have indicated that insect attack and invasion by pathogens are reduced in their presence (Sparg et al. 2004). Due to these activities, saponins have received much attention in the last...
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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INTRODUCTION The United Nations estimates that there will be more than 9 billion people on the planet by the year 2050 (Roberts, 2011); thus, the world population will be 32% higher than that in 2006. In addition, the meat consumption per person per year is predicted to increase by 26% in the same period and will primarily comprise chicken consumption (FAO, 2010; OECD-FAO, 2010). Because of increasing concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance (Gadde et al., 2017b), growing...
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CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL DISEASE Necrotic enteritis (NE) due to Clostridium perfringens is a disease of chickens (broilers, broiler breeders, commercial layers) and turkeys (Opengart and Songer, 2013). NE most often is diagnosed when it results in mortality and the presence of the gross lesion of a roughened-appearing mucosal surface of the small intestine at necropsy. However, the greatest economic loss to poultry producers may be due to the subclinical form of NE, which causes...
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3 Steps to achieve excellence in quality of herbal feed supplements
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INTRODUCTION In the United States and most parts the world, the biggest portion of poultry diets is comprised of carbohydrates, with corn being the main cereal grain used in the feed industry (Moran, 1982; Ai and Jane, 2016; Agristats, 2018; IGC, 2018). Corn is dried on the field or usually dried either by constant flow or batch drying after harvesting, so it could be included in poultry feeds. It has been reported that temperatures while drying could reach more than 100C mainly...
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