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Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on animal health, feed industry, economy, and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. Multi-mycotoxin contamination is a topic of great concern, as co-contaminated samples might still exert adverse effects on animals due to additive/synergistic interactions of the mycotoxins. Since mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely prevented pre-or...
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1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat and other small-grain cereals worldwide, caused by several species belonging to the genus Fusarium. Besides causing significant yield losses and reducing grain quality [1], these species are also able to biosynthesize mycotoxins harmful to both humans and animals [2,3]. F. culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. and F. graminearum Schwabe are generally considered the two most important FHB causal...
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1. Introduction Grain production is the basis of global food security and is indispensable for feeding the world. In 1798, Malthus argued that the global population increases more rapidly than global food supply until war, disease, or famine reduces the number of people [1]. The failure thus far of Malthus’s prediction has not prevented others from promoting similar scenarios in more recent decades. For example, Paddock [2] forecasted a worldwide famine by 1975 and stated...
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Dr. Blake Wilson (Adisseo) commented on the quality of ingredients and the value of networking in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner. ...
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Dr. Cassie Jones (Kansas State University) discusses feed control and virus prevention, in this Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Dr. Markus Wiltafsky-Martin, Responsible for Service Commercialization at Evonik Animal Nutrition, underscores why AMINODat® 6.0, is the most comprehensive animal nutrition database in the world that comprises nutritional data of more than 18,000 feed ingredient samples from all over the world and over 900,000 analytical results. ...
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Dr. Rommel Sulabo (University of the Philippines Los Baños) comments on the characteristics of this fiber source in a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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A balanced broiler chicken diet requires essential (EAA) and non-essential (NEAA) amino acids to attain maximum growth. However, the optimal ratio of these two dietary AA groups may change with different growth rates but this is not fully understood (Heger, 2003). In addition, commercial broiler feeds are formulated based on average flock requirements of EAA, hence neglecting NEAA ratios and potential individual variations. Consequently, it is expected that commercial broiler diets for...
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Dietary energy available to animals is key to formulating feed as it is required for all aspects of animal life. In poultry, apparent (AME) and true (TME) metabolisable energy (ME) values have been developed for feed formulation with or without correction for nitrogen balance. Over the past 50 years, the accuracy of ME systems has been an ongoing debate and the data produced from different bioassays have been found not to be comparable (Farrell, 1999). Overall, the ingredient matrix ME...
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AMINONIR® Portable enables the reliable determination of energy, nutrients in feed raw materials and feed, as well as amino acids in feed raw materials, on-site and independent of a laboratory. The hand-held device connects with the user’s tablet or cell phone. It only requires mobile signal reception and a handful of feed or raw material without further sample preparation to determine their quality at almost any location within minutes....
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Introduction Globally, feeding cost and the price of poultry product have recently increased due to increasing competition between human and animals for the same feed resources. Agriculture by-products are valuable feedstuffs that can be used in animal nutrition (Al-Harthi et al. 2018a, 2018b). In animal nutrition feed processing and feed additives as well have been used for improving the feeding values of feeds particularly of agricultural byproducts (Dozier et al. 2010;...
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Márcio Gonçalves shares some insights about energy sources for swine diets, in this Swine It video....
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1. Introduction Monogastric animal production, in particular the poultry production sector, is growing continuously, driven mostly by the demand for meat and eggs. However, this rapidly growing industry and the increasing demand for poultry feeds have led to a considerable increase in feedstuff prices. The gap between demand and supply of balanced feed is expected to increase, and consequently increase the cost of production....
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1 | PART 1: WHAT DO WE KNOW?
1.1 | Introduction
Effective biosecurity protocols are essential towards protecting the health status of swine farms. In the United States, tremendous resources have been invested to reduce the risk of viral pathogens, such as the entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into susceptible populations. Protocols including shower in-shower out, transport...
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I. INTRODUCTION Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most commonly cultured freshwater fish species in Nigeria. It is a prolific breeder, widely farmed across the nations of the earth and the third largest cultured finfish [1]. Oreochromis niloticus is a native of Africa [2], considered as a standout farmed fish because of its high nutritional qualities, fast growth rate, resistance to diseases and its ability to withstand sudden environmental changes [3]. In spite...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi and are frequently found in a variety of agricultural crops such as cereals, fruits, and nuts. Mycotoxin contamination of crops and their carry over into the human food chain are of great concern as they are potent toxins and their toxicities may contribute to adverse health effects in humans [1]. In response to fungal infection and mycotoxin production, several cereal plants have been found to transform...
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1. Introduction Wheat is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) world-wide which causes both yield and quality losses, in addition to contamination of harvested grain with mycotoxins, particularly zearalenone (ZEN) and type B trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON). There are strict regulations in place for maximum contamination levels of these two toxins to reduce accumulation in the human and animal food chains. Both mycotoxins can be produced pre- and post-harvest....
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1. Introduction Fungal diseases are one of the main causes of large economic losses and deterioration in the quality and nutrient composition of fruits during the postharvest stage. They contribute significantly to the reduction of the shelf life of products during storage, contaminate fruits with mycotoxins, and reduce their market value. In the fresh production supply chain, such drawbacks have traditionally been overcome through the use of synthetic chemicals. However, due to...
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1. Introduction Pathogenic microorganisms present in the environment are a menace for crops. At a worldwide level, diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi significantly contribute to overall losses in terms of crop yield. To face this challenge, the use of traditional pesticides entails disadvantages related to handling hazards, cost, residues, and threats to human health and the environment. Consequently, European Directive 2009/128/EC established a framework to achieve their...
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1. Introduction Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important species among protein-oil crops grown in regions of moderate climates. The development of improved rapeseed varieties, i.e., free from harmful erucic acid and with a reduced glucosinolate content (the so-called double zero varieties “00”), has increased interest in this crop over the past decades. As a result, a significant increment in rapeseed cultivation has been observed and consequently,...
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