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INTRODUCTION Finishing diets are composed of about 45% to 55% starch based on typical dietary corn inclusion (Samuelson et al., 2016). While the rumen is the primary site of starch digestion, it is highly dependent on grain source, processing method, and degree of grain processing (Owens et al., 1997). Steam flaking corn usually improves cattle performance due to an increase of starch digestibility compared with simpler processing methods like dry-rolling (Zinn...
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1 Introduction Due to wastewater production and the manufacture of polymeric materials through different industrial processes, industrial development has posed numerous environmental challenges [1]. Water and land contamination may result from wanton dumping of this waste (with or without adequate treatment) and the polymer. Notwithstanding the heinous negative effects on soil and water [2] this impacts negatively on the wellbeing of living creatures [3]. This has been a major...
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Introduction This era may be conferred as the era of nanotechnology due to the use of nanoparticles in diversified purposes such as in the fields of medicine, engineering, information, environmental technology [1,2], pigments, food, electronics appliances [3], biological, and pharmaceutical applications [4,5], etc. Nanomaterials are also used in the fields of biology (molecular and cellular), biotechnology, mineral nutrition, physiology, reproduction, pharmacology, etc., in both...
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Introduction Antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. 1 Microbes can become resistant to antimicrobials as a result of ineffective or prolonged antimicrobial treatment. This resistance may be “innate” owing to the slow and long evolutionary process that microorganisms undergo to adapt to changing environmental conditions; this adaptation is...
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Pedro Urriola (University of Minnesota) comments on variation in nutrient composition and energy values, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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1 Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary products of fungal metabolism, with a high capacity to cause damage to human and animal health (Bennett & Klich, 2003). Fungi can naturally proliferate in food and are very commonly found in grains used for animal and human food. The growth is mainly favored by humidity and temperature. Inadequate harvesting and storage practices contribute to fungal contamination (Batatinha et al., 2008). The presence of fungi in...
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Fiodor Marchenkov (Kronos Agro LLC, Kiev, Ukraine) offers his views on fat digestion and energy in animal diets....
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. The intestinal tract of poultry and other food animals is considered the main foodborne Salmonella reservoir [1,2]. An increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been reported in poultry Salmonella isolates where antibiotics are extensively used in production systems [3,4]. Although the link between antimicrobial usage in food animals and clinical treatment failures in human salmonellosis...
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I. INTRODUCTION Kappaphycus alvarezii (KPA) is a red alga that is also called Eucheuma cottonii . Seaweeds have received significant attention for their potential as sources of natural antioxidants attributed to the carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols present which contribute to inhibition or suppression of free radical generation (Athukorala et al. 2006). Kappaphycus alvarezii is rich in enzymes, nutrients, minerals, calcium, iron, fibres...
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Starch is the most abundant source of energy in broiler diets, providing about 50 % of apparent metabolisable energy. Broiler diets generally contain approximately 40 % starch, which is thought to be completely digested within the small intestine. However, the microbiota in the large intestine also plays an important role in starch digestion, producing volatile fatty acids that act as an energy source. The potential consequence of this is an incorrect prediction of the digestible energy...
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India is the largest producer of milk with 187.75 MT production ( Basic animal husbandry statistics, 2019). The average yield is about 1600 Kg/animal whereas the world average is about 2700 kg/animal. Israel and the USA are the leading countries with average yields of about 13000 and 10500 Kg/animal respectively. (UGAM FOUNDATION’S). The USA is the major producer of maize and contributes nearly 35 % of the total production of the world and maize is the driver of the US economy. The USA...
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by University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
Mycotoxins are a group of low-molecular-weight compounds with a...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by some filamentous fungi that grow naturally in many commodities around the world [1,2]. In Brazil, contamination of substrates by mycotoxigenic fungi is rather common, since climatic conditions favor their development and the production of mycotoxins. These substances are chiefly produced by three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium [3]. Of these, the genus Fusarium is of great importance for it...
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INTRODUCTION The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts that the human population will increase by 30% by 2050 (FAO, 2019) with corresponding increase in demand for food. Animal protein, the largest component of human food is entirely dependent on livestock production channels as its source. Over 70% of the cost of livestock production is feed, and the second largest component and cost of feed is the crude protein, a segment that has been challenged for its...
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I. INTRODUCTION Knowledge on the digestibility of amino acids (AA) in raw materials is crucial for precise feed formulation, and for more efficient and sustainable use of feed resources. The accuracy of excreta-based digestibility measurements for determining N and AA digestibility may be questionable, due to the variable effects of the caecal microflora on dietary protein utilisation and the contribution of...
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INTRODUCTION The importance of nutritional management for improving production and minimizing environmental impacts from beef and dairy cattle industry is well-established (McAllister et al., 1996; Havlík et al., 2014; Bach et al., 2020). Corn grain is the most commonly used cereal grain for dairy and beef production in the United States and its high starch content yields energy to support greater levels of milk and meat production (Giuberti et al., 2014)....
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As renewable diesel emerges as the ideal biofuel, soybean oil demand is expected to erupt, and U.S. Soy is poised to meet demand.
The announcement of unlikely partnerships, such as Loves and Cargill, Marathon Petroleum and ADM and Chevon and Bunge, have appeared on front pages of newspapers across the United States.
“It’s clear that sustainability is a bigger and bigger business driver around the world,” says Jim Sutter, CEO of the U.S. Soybean Export...
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Introduction Barley ranks fourth in global cereal production after corn, wheat and rice. About 65% of the world’s barley produced is fed to animals, including poultry. Australia is a significant global producer of barley, ranking in the top five countries with about 5% of global production and is among the top three barley exporters accounting for about 30% of malt and 20% of feed barley trade. Australia is a reliable supplier of two row...
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The surge in corn prices has left pig producers looking for cost-effective alternatives. Tony Edwards explains that although barley contains less digestible energy than corn and wheat, because of its higher concentration of crude fiber, it is suitable for all types of pigs and provides more amino acids and more phosphorus than corn. World grain production is dominated by corn followed by wheat, rice, barley and sorghum. These grains are used for a...
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