Nutrition management without antibiotics

Park W. Waldroup,
Any description of antibiotic use in livestock has become a description of "overfeeding of antibiotics" in popular press for years now. It's concerning, though not surprising, that an industry trade site would use the phrase. Particularly since many sponsors who peddle alternatives use it as well.

No one did anything nefarious, true, but it really doesn't matter at this point. The industry has lost the argument and other groups have shaped public opinion such that any use of antibiotics by animal production is perceived to be some sort of overuse, regardless of what the laws or science or animal experts say about that use.

Park W. Waldroup Unfortunately some poultry operations using in-feed antibiotics without considering consumer sensitivity and health (antibiotic residue in carcass, etc). Though I am not personally with total ban on in-feed antibiotics, but it seems that in most countries around the globe, consumers would prefer to use antibiotic-free poultry meat and egg product in very near future. So it would be kind of market force under the public preference which will force poultry companies to restrict or totally ban antibiotic in animal feed diets (monogastrics or ruminants). Therefore, it seems that antibiotic as a growth promoter product will not have any place in modern poultry nutrition in most countries around the globe including US and poultry companies and feed industry should think on effective environment friendly-alternative to compensate for antibiotic benefits.

Park W. Waldroup Since 2017, drugs considered medically important by the FDA can not be used solely for growth promotion in the US. The problem with this is that bacitracin, which is used in human medicine, can be used to promote growth in animals because FDA unlike WHO does not consider it medically important. Bacitracin has recently been shown to select for bacteria that carry the mcr-1 gene that confers resistance to the drug of last resort colistin. FDA is planning to update its list shortly so bacitracin may be moved to medically important and possibly bacitracin would then require a prescription and could not be used for growth. The last part would require the makers of bacitracin to make voluntary changes to their labels to align with FDA guidance.

Steve Roach As noted above, Bacitracin is 100% Unabsorbed. In fact, FDA/CVM had quit asking for data on this point, when potentially new combinations were submitted, as it had been proven too many times before. As the EU (including WHO) has adopted the precautionary principle versus the precautionary approach, their classification is not surprising. In addition, bacitracin in humans is only used topically, and so the two applications can't really be directly compared. You should consider this article: Avian Diseases 2004 48: 317-323. In this article, it was shown that Bacitracin (and other antibiotics) can reduce bacterial resistance transfer through the pilus as they can cause a lysis in the bacterial cell wall (which includes the pilus). Evidence also exists in scientifically published articles that many of the alternatives now being used, which often also have antibacterial activity, can lead to bacterial resistance. So, the questions remains - are we really making any progress in this area from a change - especially since the AGP ban, little reduction (if any) in bacterial resistance has been reported. I think perhaps we are just fooling ourselves in an attempt to placate a largely uneducated populous.

Paul B. Tillman, Ph.D. Antimicrobial resistance can be promoted by many other factors besides the use of antimicrobials. I agree we need to go deeper with the prudent use of antimicrobials and the use of any other technology or products that also indirectly select resistance. We have to change our view and support the use of new alternative products considering also if they are or not promoting antimicrobial resistance selection, as well as we do with antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistance problem is real and it is not under discussion, at least in most of the specialized scientific community. Your comment regarding "little reduction (if any) in bacterial resistance" is not right. Limiting the use of antibiotics (a real limitation, no only the claim) reduction of resistance is observed.

Mariano Fernandez Miyakawa , Thanks for your comments! Absolutely right! Now there is strong opposition against feed antibiotics ban because a lot of firms have appropriate business. But I think so, feed probiotics are much more interesting, and gives possibility to obtain healthy, organic production. It is possible: one of my customer (2 millon.broilers) in Ukraine is producing organic broiler meat, completely without feed antibiotics! For instance, price of these meat is twice more expensive if to compare with an ordinary broiler meat. Quality is important!

Park W. Waldroup Dear Sir, I have checked it that antibiotics residues are in body of chicken. I have spread a culture of bacteria on nutrient agar plate and I removed a small piece of chicken skin and plated on the culture to see antibacterial effect of antibiotic given to chicken after 24 hrs I found zine of inhibition in test and no zone of inhibition in control. I think it proves that antibiotics can be absorbed by chicken intestine and get circulated throughout body.

Dr. Steve Blezinger Everything? I heard that the problem is the misuse of antibiotics, either in human or animal medicine (i.e. giving antibiotics to healthy animals as growth promoters or unnecessary use in human patients). I also understood that use of antibiotics (doses and timing) are related with resistance and around 70% of all antibiotics produced in the world were fed to animals. So OIE, WHO and FAO are wrong?

Hello Mariano Fernandez Miyakawa. Perhaps the word "Everything" was a bit of an exaggeration but based on ongoing reviews of the literature I as well as many others, believe that a significant amount of the problem human medicine has incurred is due to the over-prescription and mismanagement of antibiotics by human Drs and patients as well as other factors. Antibiotic feeding of food animals for therapeutic and growth promotion may be a contributor but I believe this is much more limited than many experts would like to have us believe. By placing the blame on the food animal industry this lessens the responsibility of medical Drs and human drug companies as related to this problem.

Dr. Steve Blezinger it's been some time since I saw it but there was a study many years ago where they compared antibiotic resistance in Iowa hog farmers who had been using them in their herds. they actually showed less antibiotic resistant than a general population

Mr. Manoj Maruti Patil. In most third world countries the practice of using antibiotics as feed grade growth promoters is not very popular. The practice here is the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of infectious conditions and there is little if any form of control in this area. This is where I feel the real scare lies.

Dr.Talapaneni.Kotaiah Dear Dr. Nalapaneni, sorry I do not agree with your opinion. The main groups of antibiotics are still the same in use in veterinary as well as in human medicines, for example, doxy, amoxycilline, enro... it's easy to check, you can open in internet the list of registered antibiotics in human medicine to compare it with an registered antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Active substances are practically the same.

Dr.Talapaneni.Kotaiah respectfully Doctor,

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