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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
Supplementing poultry diets with xylanase partially depolymerizes the xylans present in the dietary cereals, reducing the number of sugars in the molecular chains. The resulting oligosaccharides can be selectively fermented by beneficial intestinal bacteria, resulting in improved nutrient utilization (De Maesschalck et al., 2015). The study aim was to investigate the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) in different batches of Australian wheat, in the presence or absence of xylanase....
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Background Investigations in reducing dietary crude protein (CP) in chickens began in the early 1940’s, which commenced nearly a century of exploration in this area of poultry nutrition research. Advances have been made, but many of the hurdles identified in the 1940’s vex poultry nutrition researchers today. Most notably, in the early 1940’s research was carried out in chickens fed various diets substituted with ingredients differing in protein and energy...
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Introduction Animal-source feedstuffs are generally superior to plant-source ones for the growth and health of livestock, poultry, and fish (Wu 2018). This is due, in part, to the greater quantity of proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) and higher quality (the ratios and digestibilities of AAs) of the former than the latter. Traditionally, extensive research has focused on AAs that are not synthesized by animal cells and are known as nutritionally essential AAs (EAAs), including...
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The increasing price of corn and soybean meal raises questions about using alternative raw material in a way that would not affect animal performance. In this Tech Talk, Novus's Ermin and Annafe discuss how CIBENZA® DP100 can help increase the flexibility of raw materials usage, optimize savings on feed costs, and still maintain animal performance....
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Low Protein Diets Downregulate Hepatic Enzymes Responsible for Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis in Broilers
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Novus is launching Tech Talks, a video series to address our customers' pain points and industry challenges. The prices of corn and soybean meal continue to rise due to supply shortages. In our first Tech Talk, hear what Sr. Product Specialist Annafe Perino and Sr. Technical Services Specialist Ermin Magtagnob have to share on the issue of high raw material price and how protease enzymes can help....
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I. INTRODUCTION Metabolizable energy (ME), digestible amino acids (dAA) and available phosphorus (avP) are the largest and most expensive components in broiler diets, considerable fractions of which still pass through the digestive tract undigested and are lost via excretion (Ravindran et al., 2013), hence, emphasizing the need for higher nutrient usage efficiency than current practice. Ability of carbohydrases to degrade non-starch polysaccharides and liberate caged starch and...
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Low protein (LP) diets have clear benefits for the poultry industry with regards to health, welfare and production. Dean et al., (2006) found that supplementing LP diets with glycine (Gly) and essential amino acids (AAs) can maintain performance similar to that seen on a standard protein (SP) diet. Further research into this concept proposes that supplementation of Gly precursors such as threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) can overcome Gly deficiency in LP diets. Enzymes enabling these...
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Calcium is an important cation in chicken diets, being the most abundant element in the body of the chicken. Its functions include: mineralization of bones, blood clotting, enzyme activation, neuromuscular function, muscle contraction, and intracellular signaling. However, high dietary Ca is a limiting factor for phytase efficacy and the formation of insoluble Ca-phytate complexes decreases Ca and P availability. Furthermore, Williams (2005) has shown high dietary Ca concentration in the...
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Mycotoxin detection: VICAM builds a stronger and more sustainable future for food
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I. INTRODUCTION A recent on Australian sorghum by Selle et al. (2017) that sorghum produced in Australia is used almost exclusively for feed, especially cattle, pigs and poultry. The objective of the present study is to assess the response of broiler chickens to diets based on sorghum, when supplemented with a combination of enzymes, targeting different substrates. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 648 male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens was randomly...
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This study was aimed at assessing endogenous enzyme activities and utilisation of metabolisable energy by broiler chickens fed maize-based diets supplemented with phytase and carbohydrases. Birds were raised in cages in climate-controlled rooms. The jejunum and pancreas were collected at 10 and 24 d for analysis of endogenous digestive enzyme activities. Birds were also sampled at hatch and 24 d and analysed for gross energy, fat and crude protein contents. The data were used to calculate...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Robert Alber, Vice President of Animal Nutrition at AlzChem, introduces Creamino®. Creatine is a natural molecule in the organism of humans and animals that elevates creatine stores in the body, supplies energy, and brings multiples benefits to poultry nutrition...
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INTRODUCTION The suggested BW of broilers (ROSS 308) will increase 50- to 55-fold at the age of 35 d as compared with the day-old chick weight (Aviagen, 2019a). Correct supplementation of dietary amino acids is crucial to support the exponential growth of broilers. Methionine (Met) is the first limiting amino acid in broilers; thus, meeting the requirements of Met plus cystine is crucial. The...
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Both essential oil and organic acid have been demonstrated to improve growth performance and gut health of broilers. With their different mechanism of action, it is hypothesized that combining them could provide additional benefits. A floor pen study with 1728 day-old male broilers was conducted to evaluate an essential oil blend (EOB, NEXT ENHANCE® 150, 1:1 thymol carvacrol) and an organic acid blend (OAB, AVIMATRIX®,...
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I. INTRODUCTION The optimum utilization of nutrients, especially energy and protein, by poultry is essential in commercial production. The efficiency of feed utilization has been improved through genetic development (Rege 1994), alongside feed processing and use of feed additives, especially microbial enzymes. Energy utilization in poultry can be measured by assessing metabolizable energy or net energy, which may be for production (NEp) or for maintenance (NEm). The NEp is...
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Introduction: NSPase enzymes have become an integral part of commercial poultry feed for enhancing the efficiency of nutrient utilization by the birds, thereby reducing the cost of production and improving growth performance. The supplementation of phytase in broiler diets is also standard practice due to its proven performance and relatively low cost. Few studies have reported the contribution of xylanase in diets containing phytase. This study's primary objective was...
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Accurate estimation of the broiler’s lysine (Lys) requirement is vital because it is the second limiting amino acid (AA) in poultry diets and, when the ideal protein ratio concept is applied, the essential amino acids (EAA) are expressed as ratios to Lys. It is necessary to regularly update AA requirements for modern broiler chickens in order to accommodate their genetic progress. However, defining a nutrient requirement is difficult because of variations in age and sex of animals and...
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Dietary energy is vital in animal nutrition as it is a major cost component in animal diets. Dietary fat and oil contribute high levels of energy into the diet, and different fat types affect growth performance of fast growing broiler chickens (Meng et al., 2004). Furthermore, decreased fat digestion and absorption were reported in young broiler chickens (Al-Marzooqi and Leeson, 2000). Addition of emulsifier and multi-carbohydrase resulted in improved energy availability and growth...
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1 Introduction Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of protein, which is the major dry matter component of growth in chickens and their eggs (Baker 2009). As foods for humans, poultry and eggs provide high-quality protein that contains sufficient amounts and proper ratios of AAs, therefore playing an important role in the growth, development, and health of humans (McNeill et al. 2017; Réhault-Godbert et al. 2019). Chicken or poultry byproducts are also low-cost...
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Introduction and Objectives Betaine (BET) acts as a methyl donor to convert homocysteine into methionine (MET), sparing both choline (CHOL) and...
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