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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
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Introduction Sorghum ranks fifth in global cereal production after corn, wheat, rice and barley. Most of the world’s sorghum grain is fed to animals, including poultry, but it is also used for food (Africa) and alcohol (ethanol, beer in Africa and baijiu in China). World sorghum production for the last 5 years averaged about 63 million metric tonne (Mmt), the USA being the largest producer (about 12 Mmt or 18% of world production). Australian production averaged...
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Introduction Wheat and barley as alternative cereals can be successfully replaced with corn in poultry diets. These grains could locally grow in many areas of the world and have lower water requirements than corn (Ravindran et al. 1999; Lin et al . 2010). The major components of wheat and barley are starch and proteins, though they have considerable content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), derived from the cell walls (Olukosi et al . 2007;...
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Introduction Endogenous protein loss, which links the gut physiology and protein nutrition, has proved to be an alluring subject of research for many years. Historically, the presence of undigested substances of digestive tract origin in the excretory products of animals and its relevance to the biological value of protein has long been known [1–3]. In poultry, the earliest work on the use of nitrogen-free diets was by Ackerson et al. [4] to study the variation in nitrogen...
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Advanced nutritional feed strategies will play an ever-increasing role in enabling poultry producers to transition away from widespread antibiotic use. Phileo’s comprehensive post-antibiotic program provides the nutritional tools in the form...
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INTRODUCTION Variability in the nutritional value of feed ingredients for poultry (and indeed other livestock species) has been widely reported over several decades and has been the impetus behind a sustained body of research work. For example, Sibbald and Slinger (1962), Mollah et al. (1983), and Leeson et al. (1993) reported variation in the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content of corn (3,476–3,960 kcal/kg dry matter [DM]), wheat (2,948–3,960 kcal/kg DM),...
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INTRODUCTION Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are by-products obtained during production of biofuels as renewable energy sources. During starch fermentation from cereal grains, ethanol and CO 2 are produced; meanwhile, the remaining nutrients are concentrated in the DDGS fraction (Singh et al., 2005). Corn is the main cereal used in ethanol production in the United States; however, other grains such as wheat, barley, and sorghum are utilized in different...
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The approach of supplementing poultry feed with a combination of xylanase and direct-fed-microbials (DFMs), along with other management practices, to improve gut health is gaining increased attention as feed-additive alternatives to replace growth promoting antibiotics (AGP).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various combinations of different endo-xylanases and multi-strain Bacillus spp. products from different commercial sources upon...
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Dr. Amy Lin speaks about the Efficacy Xylanase DFM combination Disease Challenged Floor Raised Broilers....
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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In the first part of this interview, Dr. Koushik De, Director-Technical Services at Novus International South Central Asia, points out the relationship between Trypsin Inhibitor (TI), Soybean and bird performance.
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INTRODUCTION The continued use of antibiotics in feed has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic organisms, which is a major concern in the poultry industry (Diarra et al., 2007; Garcia-Migura et al., 2014; Roth et al., 2019). Therefore, the use of in-feed antibiotics has been reduced, and the identification of alternative strategies to antibiotics has become a primary research focus. Comparisons of alternatives to antibiotics on gastrointestinal health, shown...
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Supplementing poultry diets with xylanase partially depolymerizes the xylans present in the dietary cereals, reducing the number of sugars in the molecular chains. The resulting oligosaccharides can be selectively fermented by beneficial intestinal bacteria, resulting in improved nutrient utilization (De Maesschalck et al., 2015). The study aim was to investigate the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) in different batches of Australian wheat, in the presence or absence of xylanase....
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Background Investigations in reducing dietary crude protein (CP) in chickens began in the early 1940’s, which commenced nearly a century of exploration in this area of poultry nutrition research. Advances have been made, but many of the hurdles identified in the 1940’s vex poultry nutrition researchers today. Most notably, in the early 1940’s research was carried out in chickens fed various diets substituted with ingredients differing in protein and energy...
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Introduction Animal-source feedstuffs are generally superior to plant-source ones for the growth and health of livestock, poultry, and fish (Wu 2018). This is due, in part, to the greater quantity of proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) and higher quality (the ratios and digestibilities of AAs) of the former than the latter. Traditionally, extensive research has focused on AAs that are not synthesized by animal cells and are known as nutritionally essential AAs (EAAs), including...
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The increasing price of corn and soybean meal raises questions about using alternative raw material in a way that would not affect animal performance. In this Tech Talk, Novus's Ermin and Annafe discuss how CIBENZA® DP100 can help increase the flexibility of raw materials usage, optimize savings on feed costs, and still maintain animal performance....
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Novus is launching Tech Talks, a video series to address our customers' pain points and industry challenges. The prices of corn and soybean meal continue to rise due to supply shortages. In our first Tech Talk, hear what Sr. Product Specialist Annafe Perino and Sr. Technical Services Specialist Ermin Magtagnob have to share on the issue of high raw material price and how protease enzymes can help....
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I. INTRODUCTION Metabolizable energy (ME), digestible amino acids (dAA) and available phosphorus (avP) are the largest and most expensive components in broiler diets, considerable fractions of which still pass through the digestive tract undigested and are lost via excretion (Ravindran et al., 2013), hence, emphasizing the need for higher nutrient usage efficiency than current practice. Ability of carbohydrases to degrade non-starch polysaccharides and liberate caged starch and...
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Low protein (LP) diets have clear benefits for the poultry industry with regards to health, welfare and production. Dean et al., (2006) found that supplementing LP diets with glycine (Gly) and essential amino acids (AAs) can maintain performance similar to that seen on a standard protein (SP) diet. Further research into this concept proposes that supplementation of Gly precursors such as threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) can overcome Gly deficiency in LP diets. Enzymes enabling these...
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Calcium is an important cation in chicken diets, being the most abundant element in the body of the chicken. Its functions include: mineralization of bones, blood clotting, enzyme activation, neuromuscular function, muscle contraction, and intracellular signaling. However, high dietary Ca is a limiting factor for phytase efficacy and the formation of insoluble Ca-phytate complexes decreases Ca and P availability. Furthermore, Williams (2005) has shown high dietary Ca concentration in the...
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