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Coccidiosis in poultry
Coccidiosis is a protozoal disease causing diarrhea, ,weight loss and decreased production in poultry. It can be fatal. Prevention is key and is achieved with use of anticoccidials or vaccination. Diagnosis is by fecal flotation to detect oocysts, often in combination with characteristic necropsy findings. Coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, family Eimeriidae. Most species affecting poultry belong to the genus Eimeria and infect various intestinal sites. The disease course is rapid (4–7 days) and is characterized by parasite replication in host cells with extensive damage to intestinal mucosa. Coccidia in poultry are generally host-specific, and the different species infect specific portions of the intestine. However, in game birds, including quail, the coccidia may infect the entire intestinal tract. In poultry, game birds reared in captivity, and wild birds, coccidiosis occurs worldwide.
INTRODUCTION The poultry industry is one of the main suppliers of animal protein worldwide, contributing both meat and eggs (1, 2). This is an industry in constant growth, as demonstrated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA reported that 102.9 million tons of chicken meat were produced in January of 2020, which represents a 3.9% increase compared to the same period of the previous year (3). This increase is important, given that by 2050 the human...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis remains one of the most significant diseases affecting poultry production globally. It is well-recognized that infection with Eimeria parasites occurs in every location where chickens are raised and these infections influence growth, feed efficiency, mortality and the susceptibility to other diseases. As a result, the economic impact of coccidiosis is likely greater than any other disease affecting poultry production, with a recent global estimate of...
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Introduction In poultry, the gastrointestinal tract accounts for twenty percent of the energy expenditure of the whole body (Choct, 2009). This energy requirement is variable and dependent on numerous factors influencing the highly dynamic nature of the intestinal environment. The intestinal environment including the mucosal structure and function is influenced by many factors including environmental management, embryonic incubation, dietary ingredients, protein level,...
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THE IMPORTANCE OF COCCIDIOSIS Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of farm animals (poultry, swine, rabbits, many species of ruminants) that leads to considerable economical losses . It is caused by protozoa of the genuses Eimeria and Isospora, among others. The disease spreads from one...
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Coccidiosis is one of the most wide-spread and economically important diseases in the poultry industry. Anticoccidial chemicals have long been used to prevent and control avian coccidiosis, but resistance to current anticoccidials and cross resistance to newly developed substances, together with...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis presently proves to be a major and pressing protozoan disease in the poultry industry worldwide (Dalloul and Lillehoj, 2006). Coccidiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite from the genus Eimeria. The life cycle of coccidial parasites includes asexual and sexual replication stages and begins when a bird ingests sporulated oocysts from the environment, as described by Conway and McKenzie (2007). After ingestion, four sporocysts contained in a...
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Background Control and eradication of intestinal infections caused by protozoa are important biotechnological and medical challenges worldwide. The coccidial parasites Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Neospora and Cryptosporidium are the cause of serious diseases in humans and animals. Many of these intracellular protozoa affect the small intestine and produce devastating effects on immune compromised subjects [1-3]. These parasitic infections can cause a wide range of harm to the infected...
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Early nutrition and feeding play a very important role to modulate the immature immune system of chicks and piglets. In this TechTalk, Teera Tiyasatkulkovit, Technical Services Manager for Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific, talks about how essential oils can complement the animal’s innate immune system and enhance their adaptive immune system to protect young animals and support their growth....
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INTRODUCTION The integrity of the gut is fundamental in birds as the mechanisms of digestion and absorption are inherent in the physiological metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and cannot be manipulated 1 . Numerous infectious and non-infectious agents can damage intestinal mucosa, as well as compromise digestion and absorption 2 . Among them, coccidia infections represent one of the most important enteric diseases. Coccidiosis is an infectious...
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INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric bacterial disease in chickens that is caused by Clostridium perfringens type G infection. Avian NE has gained much attention recently in the post antibiotic/anticoccidial agents' era as this infection has resulted in huge economic losses of 2 to 6 billion US dollars in the global poultry industry (Lee et al., 2020). Furthermore, the recently discovered NE B-like (NetB) toxin secreted by C. perfringens type G has been...
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Allison Fortner
The University of Georgia’s Department of Poultry Science is advancing scientific innovation in research by strategically hiring faculty who are tackling the foremost problems in Georgia’s valuable poultry industry. These new faculty in the...
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Soybean meal (SBM) is an ingredient with a high digestibility of protein, Lys, and Met. An optimal heating process of SBM is required to eliminate antinutritional components that negatively interfere with digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. The effect of 3 commercial SBM batches were subjected to different heat treatments to evaluate its effect on growth performance and intestinal integrity. A total of 1,860 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were vaccinated at 1d of age with a...
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1. Introduction Necrotic enteritis (NE) is caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens [1], while the etiological agents of coccidiosis are Eimeria, a genus of apicomplexan parasites [2]. Both NE and coccidiosis are among the most economically significant infectious diseases facing the poultry industry causing growth retardation, morbidity, and even mortality [1,2]. With a growing number of countries having withdrawn in-feed antimicrobials for growth promotion...
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The villi of the intestinal mucosa are lined by a single layer of columnar cells, comprising enterocytes, goblet and enteroendocrine cells, and various types of immune cells, each with a distinct function. Chicken gut mucosa is exposed to an enormous number of feed antigens, and pathogenic bacteria that often impair the intestinal barrier function. Ultrastructural examination of enterocytes, their organelles and other features, such as mitochondria, microvilli, and tight junctions sealing...
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The two winners of the first Adisseo Research Grant call were announced during the last WPC webinar held on November 9th. The two projects were:
“ How to feed broilers during infection with, and recovery from, coccidia in different environments: functional role of amino acids .” presented by Prof. Ilias KYRIAZAKIS (AFBI, Northern Ireland, UK) and Prof. Oluyinka OLUKOSI (University of Georgia, USA).
“GutMIVir –...
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