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I. INTRODUCTION The current system of feeding laying hens with a fully mixed diet, that attempts to meet all the nutrient requirements of the birds, only really developed with the introduction of cage housing facilities after the Second World War. Research on confining laying hens to cages ramped up in the first half of the 20th Century in California but it was not until the late 1940s that the first commercial cage farms started to appear (American Egg Board, 2020). Nutrition...
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Digitize is one of the current “buzzwords” in the animal production industry. But, as with other such terms, it can mean different things to different people. “Digitize” is defined as: “to change something such as a document to a digital form (a form that can be stored and read by computers)” – Cambridge Dictionary Merely making records available in a form that can be accessed via a computer is not enough. What we really need is to...
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About 50-70% of all antibacterial agents used in broiler production are applied to reduce bacterial intestinal infections (bacterial enteritis). Properly conducted prophylaxis and appropriate follow-up can be effective methods of reducing the amount of antibiotics that are used in poultry production. Impaired feed digestion and nutrient absorption lead to the development of indigestion and diarrhoea in poultry. These diseases, apart from subclinical coccidiosis, have the...
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Following the success of the Research Topic “ Alternatives to Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Impact in Gut Microbiota, Health, and Disease: Volume II ,” we received an invitation from Frontiers to work on Volume II. This second volume includes 31 scientific articles, in the text of individual chapters in this Frontiers Research Topic. The editors are grateful to all 197 authors that contributed and participated in the achievement of Volume II. Homo...
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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With the temperatures rising in most regions, concern for heat stress events in Poultry barns is also on the rise. Heat stress can have a negative impact on several aspects of a chicken’s well-being; one consequence that can significantly impact poultry production and profitability is feed efficiency. With chickens starting to feel the physical impact of heat stress as early as April and May in some regions, solutions are needed to assist their physiological defenses. Nutritional...
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In the past few years, the concept of “gut health” has established itself as a norm in the scientific literature and animal production. Although the term “gut health” is not specially well-defined, scientists are in agreement that it refers to the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to carry out normal physiological processes and to maintain homeostasis, thereby enabling it to withstand both infectious and non-infectious stressors. It is believed that...
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Lost in the Market Uncertainty Caused by the Outbreak
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1. Introduction β-mannans (BM) are commonly present in a wide variety of feedstuffs, including soybean meal, and have been described as one of the major anti-nutritional factors for non-ruminant animals (Bertechini, 2013). Dietary BM are associated with negative effects in pigs and broilers, such as increased intestinal viscosity and decreased nutrient digestibility (Shastak et al., 2015). Despite being naturally found in non-pathogenic substances, these compounds may...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM The world population is growing over the years, and it is expected to increase by 2 billion people in 2050. As a result, the increased demand for animal protein will have to be met by a congruent production in accordance to sustainable and environmental concerns. This suggests that alternative feed ingredients should be introduced in the animal production chain (Henchion et al., 2017). Insects meal is one of the promising strategies proposed...
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Innovative Directions in Aflatoxin Testing Point to Measureable Gains in Quality Of Lab Data
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INTRODUCTION Physical treatments, such as expansion and pelleting, are used in the processing of diets with the aim of enhancing feed efficiency. This occurs because during these processes, in addition to starch granule gelatinization, there are also partial protein denaturation, which leads to increased food digestibility and consequently improved broiler performance (Oliveira et al., 2011). Besides technological benefits, feed processing methods are associated with the...
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Physiological aspects of the properly functioning digestive system and the organs directly related to it are at the heart of profitability in commercial poultry production. One of the most important organs in the body of every bird is the liver, and the complexity of functions it fulfills proves its unique significance. This organ may be particularly vulnerable to damaging factors, which in turn can contribute to the reduction of production capacity of the flock and, in extreme cases,...
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Introduction The gradual increase in the world's poultry production concomitantly increases the need for ingredients to supply protein for diets. Cereals constitute about 60 - 70% of diets to meet the energy requirements of poultry, whereas oilseeds contribute to cover the dietary protein requirements of birds (Senkoylu & Dale, 1999). Soybean meal (SBM) is the main protein source in poultry rations given its high nutritional value. Most of the European and Asian...
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Introduction Today, the broiler industry plays an important role in supplying the protein requirements of the people of the world. Shortening of broiler rearing cycle enhances the importance of growth during the first week of life (Nistan et al., 1991). Although genetic selection for growth has affected the digestive tract of poultry, the digestive processes are not fully developed on the day of hatch (Croom et al., 1999). Therefore, the insufficient nutrient digestion and...
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The house has been preheated for 36 hours to 92°F. The chicks will be arriving in a few hours and the controller’s six temperature sensors (positioned one foot above the floor) indicate the air temperature is between 91 and 92°F (Figure 2). A thermal image indicates the floor temperature is between 87 and 102°F...
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INTRODUCTION It is imperative to identify factors that inhibit the digestibility of nutrients for successful commercial poultry production. The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) like substances of hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectin can reduce nutrient digestibility in poultry (Choct, 1999). Among the NSP, β-mannans are a group of hemicelluloses, which are present in many ingredients used for poultry feeds like soybean and other leguminous seeds. It occurs in the forms of...
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INTRODUCTION Avian coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of genus Eimeria, which belongs to family Eimeriidae and has multiple species with complex life cycle stages (Abbas et al., 2015, 2019; Khater et al., 2020). Eimeria species mostly affect bird intestines and cause bloody diarrhea, poor feed conversion ratios, and high mortality. Among all Eimeria species, E. tenella and E. necatrix are the most pathogenic, causing high mortality in chickens. Naturally, coccidian oocysts are...
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The world's increasing population has put tremendous pressure on protein sources, its supply and demand leading to rise in its prices. Chicks tend to grow at high rate during first & second week after hatch, but limit's due to anatomically complete but physiologically weak GIT, resulting in inefficient feed utilization. To overcome the limitations of the immature digestive tract, limitations of protein sources and to satisfy the need of least cost ration with value addition, it is recommended...
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Introduction ‘Poultry’ collectively refers to domesticated birds, especially those valued for their meat and eggs, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and guinea fowl. Of all avian breeds, chicken breeds make up the vast majority of 63%, followed by ducks at 11%, geese at 9% and turkeys 5%, but indigenous or heritage breeds make up most of the world’s poultry genetic diversity (Pym, 2013). Over the past 50 years, the poultry sector has expanded,...
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Getting chicks off to a good start is very important to overall flock performance. At no time does a bird grow faster than during the first week of its life. Over the last week of a 42-day-old flock, a bird’s weight will increase by approximately a third. In contrast, a chick’s weight will typically increase approximately...
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Recently a study was conducted on commercial broiler farms examining broiler water usage over the first seven days of a growout. High-accuracy, ultrasonic water meters were installed in twenty-two broiler houses (18, 40' X 500' houses, four 54' X 500' houses) on nine farms. The water meters were capable of accurately measuring water...
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Introduction Animal welfare has been increasingly included in business agreements and with humane slaughter is a key area of interest (von Keyserlingk and Hötzel, 2015). Retailers, restaurants, and food service companies seek kinder and more responsible farm animal practices (Grandin, 2010; Bayvel et al., 2012). Yet, it is a consensus that changes in attitudes and practices of stakeholders are required to improve farm animal welfare at slaughter (Paranhos da Costa et al.,...
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