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Poultry gut health
The efficient conversion of feed into its basic components for optimal nutrient absorption is vital for both broiler and broiler breeder production and welfare. Gut health, an intricate and complex area combining nutrition, microbiology, immunology and physiology, has a key role to play. When gut health is compromised, digestion and nutrient absorption are affected which, in turn, can have a detrimental effect on feed conversion leading to economic loss and a greater susceptibility to disease. In addition, recent changes in legislation on the use of antimicrobials, differing feed requirements and more efficient birds highlight the need for a better understanding of gut function and gut health.
Insect farming is water-efficient and reduces food waste while producing quality protein, making it a potential solution to food sustainability and food security issues. Black soldier fly larvae, as an excellent source of protein, calcium, and a bacteria-fermentable polysaccharide called chitin, is a promising poultry feed ingredient. A 20-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) on the gut microbiota and SCFA...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) is a dietary essential mineral for poultry and the requirements for poultry have been investigated extensively for more than 75 years (Driver et al., 2005). Calcium is the most prevalent mineral in the body and is important for many physiological processes such as enzyme activation, intracellular signalling, acid base balance, eggshell formation and bone mineralisation (Li et al., 2017). Almost 99% of Ca is stored in the skeleton as hydroxyapatite...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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Trace minerals are often supplied in the forms of inorganic salts such as sulphates into poultry feed to meet the requirements. The ionic bonds in inorganic salts of minerals are very weak allowing the metal ion to disassociate once in contact with water, binding up diet antagonists such as other minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. To mitigate these negative effects technologies such as organic minerals or mineral complexes, which are less reactive, are used. In hydroxychloride minerals (Hyd)...
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Canada’s broiler chicken industry has taken great steps to reduce the use of antibiotics in production. Chicken Farmers of Canada successfully implemented a plan to remove both Category I and II antibiotics for preventive use from broiler feeds. There may be benefits from similar products for birds raised for egg production. Our research team has been involved in the evaluation of feed ingredients of marine origin. Seaweeds available off the Atlantic Coast of Canada were incorporated...
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PhD Maria Tereza Terra-Long (North America Technical Services Manager - Poultry, Phileo by Lesaffre) points out how yeast probiotics help the chickens grow bigger and perform better and also support poultry microbiota...
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Histomonas meleagridis and Escherichia coli exhibit an outstanding interplay in vitro and are well recognized pathogens in poultry causing histomonosis and colibacillosis, respectively. H. meleagridis and E. coli reside in the intestine of birds, thus, to understand their interaction in vivo, gut microbial changes and caecal wall penetration of E. coli were investigated separately in experimentally infected chickens and turkeys (Abdelhamid et al., 2020, 2021). In the first trial, commercial...
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Low Protein Diets Downregulate Hepatic Enzymes Responsible for Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis in Broilers
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I. INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens is an economically important disease which can be controlled by antibiotics (Timbermont, et al., 2011). The occurrence of necrotic lesions in the small intestine is associated with proliferation of Clostridium perfringens, which leads to lower growth rate in subclinically infected chickens. Increasing concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and the presence of drug residues in animal products have led many countries to ban...
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The formation of a viscous gut content in the small intestine due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides in feed can markedly restrict efficient nutrient digestion in poultry. This adverse effect may be mediated through the supplementation of exogenous feed additives. The present study investigated the effects of carbohydrases and a buffered formic acid on growth performance and ileal digesta viscosity in broiler chickens fed a wheat- or maize diet. A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement...
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Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are xylose-based oligomers, which have been described to affect the gut microflora, and gut function in chickens (Zhou et al., 2021). This, in turn, may have an impact on intestinal epithelial cell turnover, which accounts for a significant part of the energy of maintenance required by the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary XOS on gut function and epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens. It was hypothesized...
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I. INTRODUCTION Maintenance of intestinal integrity is of fundamental importance to the overall health and growth performance of the bird. Disturbances in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract can result in inflammatory process, loss of intestinal integrity, low nutrient digestibility and poor growth performance. In a situation of intestinal inflammation, pro-inflammatory interleukins such as interleukin-12 are produced with the objective to defending the host from any...
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Feed additives have a promising impact on broiler production in improving performance and reducing the incidence of diseases in the post-antibiotic era (Ayalew et al. 2022). However, there are limited data that illustrate the effect of feed additives on broiler performance under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of an enzyme (xylanase, 3000 U/kg) and a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis, 2.2 × 108 CFU/g) on growth performance and...
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The effect of probiotics on animal performance is not consistent and may be impacted by multiple factors, such as dose, route of administration, disease stress, and management. We have previously examined the efficacy of the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) in a disease stress model with subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) (Shini et al., 2020); in the study only one dose of H57 (10 8 CFU/g feed) was used. The purpose of present study was to evaluate if the...
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Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) contain functional phytochemical components that are used as feed additives to improve gut health and reduce the need for antibiotics. The injection of EOs into fertile eggs has the potential to influence the developing embryo including the gastrointestinal tract. This in turn may mitigate intestinal susceptibility and regulate gut microbial composition, resulting in long-term benefits in the chicken's life. However, some gaps in the in-ovo injection...
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I. INTRODUCTION Consumer demand for organic and free-range poultry products is driving the commercial egg industry away from conventional housing systems towards free-range housing systems that allow birds access to the outdoors. Whilst these systems are considered higher welfare, they also carry more health risks that can impact the intestinal health of the bird, such as greater exposure to parasites as reported by Permin et al., (1999). Intestinal helminths such as nematodes and...
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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, the most abundant of which belong to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium . The conditions required for fungal development and the production of mycotoxins vary strongly with the substrate on which the fungal species develop.Because mycotoxins are mainly present in food and feed, the gut is the first target for mycotoxin toxicity, but it is also the site of the absorption of mycotoxins that leads to...
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Mitsu Suyemoto (North Carolina State University) speaks on the mortality caused by Enterococcus Cecorum and her research on probiotics and other solutions to fight this disease, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Anita Menconi, Regional Business Director, Specialty Nutrition, Americas at Evonik, introduces the Next Generation of Probiotics, exemplified by Ecobiol® Fizz. This soluble probiotic tablet offers a fast and convenient solution for supporting a naturally balanced microbiota in poultry...
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I. Introduction Phytase enzymes are commonly used in the pig and poultry feed industry mainly to increase the availability of phosphorus (P) from plant ingredients. Additionally, phytase improves the availability of other nutrients such as Ca, digestible amino acids (AA), and energy (Dersjant4Li et al. 2015a) by facilitating breakdown of phytate P and thus negating its anti-nutritional effects on nutrient digestibility. Combination of Phytase with NSP enzymes has proven to be an...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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Evan Chaney (Cargill) Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis in poultry operations resulting in significant flock health and economic burden, creating the need for additional solutions to promote resiliency against infection. This study evaluated a postbiotic feed additive containing a saponin ingredient (SCFP+; Dia-V™ PT PLUS prototype, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), alone or in combination with...
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