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Mycotoxins in poultry

Common mycotoxins associated with mycotoxicoses in poultry include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxins. Diagnosis requires detection and quantification of the specific mycotoxin. Treatment includes removal of the source of the mycotoxin and supportive care. Mold mitigation strategies can be used for prevention. Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by the poisonous effects of the toxins produced by filamentous microfungi (ie, toxigenic molds). Hundreds of mycotoxins are known and can produce mild to severe toxic effects when they occur above levels of concern. The importance of mycotoxin problems in poultry is probably considerable yet difficult to measure. Chronic low levels of exposure to more than one type of mycotoxin appears to be a commonality, yet is less clinically evident.
Introduction Aspergillosis is a fungal disease of all poultry species; infection by A. fumigatus may induce significant economic losses particularly in turkey production (1). Aspergillosis usually occurs in the respiratory system of chickens, turkeys, and less frequently in ducklings, pigeons, canaries, and geese (2). In poultry, Aspergillus fumigatus is considered to be the most pathogenic and the most frequent isolates from pathologic lesions (3,4). In nature, the fungal...
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Dr. Deepak Khosla, General Manager Marketing at Venky's India Limited, sums up the principal aspects of the exchange of knowledge in the field of mycotoxins during a visit to the facilities of SAMITEC, PEGASUS, LAMIC, and the University of Santa Maria in Brazil, invited by Special Nutrients....
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Geert Van de Mierop, Managing Director at Nutrex, introduces EndoBan®, a unique product that combines different strategies to minimize the negative effects caused by endotoxins, thereby improving performance, during Eurotier 2018 ...
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Carlos López, Area Manager for the Asian Market at Liptosa, describes the main characteristics of the range of products Fintox, adsorbents and detoxifying agents with a broad spectrum of effectiveness against mycotoxins and other endotoxins....
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Yanhong Zhang
National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center
Dr. Yanhong Zhang (National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center) discussed storage and weather conditions, as well as detection methods for mycotoxins in DDGS, during the 22nd Annual Distillers Grains Symposium in Des Moines, Iowa....
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Manuel Contreras
Special Nutrients
Special Nutrients
Manuel Contreras, Technical Director for Special Nutrients, explains to us how poultry companies will be able to determine if the mycotoxins identified in the feed are causing damage, during the XXV Latin American Poultry Congress in Guadalajara, Mexico. ...
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Introduction The Brazilian production of chicken meat has increased considerably and the country is now the world's third largest producer and leader in exports (RODRIGUES et al., 2014). The growing demand for animal protein stimulates a rapid expansion of production systems and increasing the stocking density, favoring the multiplication and spread of pathogens. Outdoor poultry breeding systems that enable lower population density and higher animal welfare does not exclude...
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Marianne Lauwers
Ghent University
Ghent University
Crops can be contaminated with mycotoxins already on the field (pre-harvest) or during transport, storage or processing (post-harvest). A survey of mycotoxin contamination in Europe and Asia showed that deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are 2 of the most important mycotoxins in Europe based on occurrence and toxicity. Both toxins belong to the group of fusariotoxins produced by Fusarium species and often co-occur. ...
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Denise Russi Rodrigues
Ohio State University
Ohio State University
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and are involved in the contamination of grains used in human and animal diets (Gimeno, 2012). When ingested in high amounts, mycotoxins can affect the health and performance of animals by decreasing their immune response and increasing their mortality rates (Murugesan et al., 2015). The most important mycotoxicoses in breeder chickens are caused by aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and...
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INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins (AF) are toxic metabolites produced by fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and are considered to be the most harmful mycotoxins as they are highly toxic to animals and humans (Kaya, 1989; Hoerr, 2003). There are six different kinds of aflatoxins: B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is accepted as the most harmful, as well as most common metabolite in feeds and foods (Hatch, 1988). Aflatoxicosis in quails has been...
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Radivoje Perovic, Executive Manager of PATENT CO, speaks about the new internal trial facilities developed recently in order to provide technical and export support for its customers...
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Trevor Smith
Poultry Health Research Network
Poultry Health Research Network
Introduction Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by molds (fungi) that can infest crops pre-harvest and can continue to flourish under sub-optimal storage conditions. Grains with a high moisture content are particularly unstable and prone to mold proliferation and possible mycotoxin production. Excess rainfall at harvest and at key periods during the growing season can be a major promoter of mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs. These are the same conditions...
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Manuel Contreras
Special Nutrients
Special Nutrients
Introduction Traditionally, the presence of mycotoxins capable of causing damage in animal production has been demonstrated by detecting certain levels in ingredients and / or rations. Since this technique has many limitations, histopathology has been used in many areas to demonstrate that these toxic agents are actually affecting the birds. Here we propose a practical approach to demonstrate their presence in comercial farms. By following this...
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INTRODUCTION Agric Trade business in Day Old Chicks( DOC) and  value chain products is still poorly developed in the West Africa sub region, and must be strengthened in order to contribute  and impact on the intra regional agricultural business and trade movement in other to increase poultry food security in the region in  line with the presidents Global Food security Response (GFSR). ...
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The Livestock Industry Foundation for Africa has been very proactive in educating rural and peri-urban farmers about mycotoxin and its effects on livestock production in Africa. The organization discussed at Ogun State with farmers and hatchery operators about the role the mycotoxins play in the quality of their day old chicks.   The topic was "Day old chick health status and early mortalities: consequences of mycotoxins on breeder...
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Richard Ducatelle
Ghent University
Ghent University
  Introduction Worldwide, necrotic enteritis (NE) leads to important production losses, increased feed consumption and mortality rates, and a reduced welfare of broiler chickens [1–4]. The causative agent of NE is Clostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive spore forming bacterium which occurs ubiquitously in the environment, in feed and in the gastrointestinal tract of animals...
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Gunther Antonissen will be one of the speakers at the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition.   The event will be held at the Convention Centre at Port Aventura, Salou-Vila-seca,...
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Justin Fowler
Justin Fowler and 2 more
University of Georgia
University of Georgia
1. Introduction Aflatoxins, which are secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus species of mold, are among the most potent natural carcinogens. No animal species is immune to the toxic effects of consuming food contaminated with aflatoxin and Aspergillus species are known to infect important agricultural crops. Therefore, in cases where preventative management strategies in...
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Todd Applegate
Todd Applegate and 1 more
University of Georgia
University of Georgia
Abbreviations AF, Aflatoxins; APC, Antigen-Presenting Cell; DON, Deoxynivalenol; FB, Fumonisins; FUS, Fusarium toxins; GALT, Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue; GIT, Gastrointestinal Tract; GLUT2, facilitated glucose transporter; GLUT5, fructose transporter; IEC, Intestinal Epithelial Cell; OTA, Ochratoxin A; PP, Peyer’s Patches; SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1; TCT, Trichothecenes; TEER,...
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At the conclusion of the 9th World Mycotoxin Forum and the 14th IUPAC International Symposium on Mycotoxins -that took place last June at Winnipeg, Canada-, this were the main lessons learned, as explained by General Conference Chairs Rudolf Krska and Hans van Egmond, and the session chairs.   1st lesson: We are living in a changing world • Changing world = changing technology, changing mycotoxin patterns, diverse dietary...
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