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Mycotoxins in poultry

Common mycotoxins associated with mycotoxicoses in poultry include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxins. Diagnosis requires detection and quantification of the specific mycotoxin. Treatment includes removal of the source of the mycotoxin and supportive care. Mold mitigation strategies can be used for prevention. Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by the poisonous effects of the toxins produced by filamentous microfungi (ie, toxigenic molds). Hundreds of mycotoxins are known and can produce mild to severe toxic effects when they occur above levels of concern. The importance of mycotoxin problems in poultry is probably considerable yet difficult to measure. Chronic low levels of exposure to more than one type of mycotoxin appears to be a commonality, yet is less clinically evident.
BM Santos
Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV
Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV
Introduction The poultry industry is perhaps the most sensitive sector of animal production. The high degree of genetic development seeking greater productivity could have been responsible for the development of animals more susceptible to diseases. Therefore, as a result of the constant challenges experienced by these birds, their immune system must be running smoothly so they can respond to different stimuli (Santos...
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1. - Introduction Mycotoxins are a diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain moulds when they grow on agricultural products. They do not belong to a single class of chemical compounds, and they differ in their toxicological effects. Some mycotoxicoses, the toxic manifestations of mycotoxins in humans or animals, have been known for hundreds of years (e.g.ergotism).However, it wastheoutbreak of Turkey X disease in the United Kingdom during...
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Douglas Zaviezo from Special Nutrients, speaks about fumonisins at VIV Asia March 2013 in Bangkok, Thailand. ...
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This paper was published in "Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2016, 32, 2, 55-73" http://www.eurasianjvetsci.org/pdf/pdf_EJVS_1111.pdf Introduction Aflatoxins (AF) are a major concern in poultry production and public health because of...
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R.Umaya Suganthi
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP) India
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP) India
Introduction: Fungi live everywhere, in the air, in water, in soil, on land and on plants and animals.  There are a million or more species of fungi and this includes both advantageous and toxigenic fungi. Toxigenic fungi are ubiquitous and, in some cases, apparently have a strong ecological link with animal feed and human food supplies. The natural fungal flora existing in conjunction with...
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Dr. David O. Akinde
Fusion Biosystems
As a poultry and egg producer one is used to ups and downs in income and costs. However, when income is low and costs are high, the continuation of an enterprise is at stake. Then it is wise to be extra alert on subclinical dangers that might threaten a company's liveability. One of those unnoticed threats is often a low level infection of mycotoxins.   ...
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INTRODUCTION The levels of vitamins for poultry have changed a little over the last 40 years; however, the modern broiler has improved drastically its performance during the same period. Furthermore, an optimum level of vitamins is crucial under high stress condition to allow the birds achieve good performance and adequate health status. In this context, aflatoxin contamination of foods and livestock feeds became a great...
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Introduction T-2 toxin (T-2) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin from the group of the trichothecenes, produced by Fusarium spp. mainly before harvesting. T-2 has been characterized by oral lesions and reduced growth in chickens, as well as the inhibition of protein synthesis, responsible for the negative effects on rapidly dividing cells such as those of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphoid tissues....
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Various skeletal disorders affect most fast growing meat birds and also laying hens. A number of factors are known to influence normal bone development and these are discussed in relation to fast growth rate. The incidence of leg problems is generally...
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Michael Hess
Michael Hess and 1 more
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany 2 Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria 3 Division of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute...
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Mézes Miklós
Mézes Miklós and 1 more
Szent István University
Szent István University
Moulds produce different mycotoxins that have importance in farm animal nutrition because of their widespread occurrence and diversity (Leeson et al. 1995). Among various mycotoxins, those produced by Fusarium moulds, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) are often found in feed ingredients even at high concentrations in different parts of the world under different environmental conditions (Jelinek et al. 1989). The official recommendation in the...
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ALBERTO GIMENO
Alberto Gimeno
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic strains of some genera of molds. In particular, mycotoxins are polyketones compounds resulting from condensation reactions produced under specific physical, chemical and biological conditions that occur when the reduction of the ketone groups in the biosynthesis of the fatty acids, carried out by the molds, is interrupted. These fatty acids are primary metabolites used by molds as an energy source....
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INTRODUCTION   FOWL CHOLERA Fowl cholera is a Bacteria disease caused by a gram-negative spore forming bacterium which can affect a wider range of hosts such as Turkeys, Ducks and chicken. This disease also known as Avian pasteurelosis can affect all age grade of chicken but older birds are more susceptible with a higher incidence recorded...
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Prof. Mallmann
LAMIC - LABORATORY OF MYCOTOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
LAMIC - LABORATORY OF MYCOTOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are contaminants of many cereals and derivatives used as ingredients in poultry diets. They are considered secondary metabolites produced by fungi that develop well in tropical climates. When they are present in moderate to high concentrations in the diet, it might result in death, and when used in low doses, it may compromise production indexes, such as decrease in weight gain, poor feed conversion, decline...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are substances produced by molds, that have a toxic effect on animals, decreasing their performance and even causing death. Molds are broadly distributed throughout the world, also contaminating feed grains. In order to reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins on animals, mycotoxin-adsorbing feed additives are used. Such products have different neutralization...
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Poultry farming in India was mostly a backyard venture till 1960’s, and it is believed that the Indian poultry industry is 5000 years old. Since last 4 decades it began to witness remarkable growth from backyard to poultry industry. India is the 5th largest producer of egg and 9th largest producer of poultry meat . The broiler industry is well dominated in southern states in our country and contributes 60-70% of total output. The layer industry once again is represented more in...
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Dr. Suresh Nipane
Suman Hatchery Ltd.
Management of broiler breeder in poultry industry in India strongly emphasizes the importance of cost control at all levels. Usually in broiler breeder operation, the costs involved is the production of the hatching egg or the day old chick and are important as seen in the perspective of the cost per kg of live bird. In field condition, the greatest attention is usually given to the performance of broiler breeders, and most of the research in the field is focused...
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Fernando Tamames
Special Nutrients
Poultry, swine and dairy producers admit today that the presence of mycotoxins in the feed is one of the main factors affecting animal production. As a result of the higher prices of feed ingredients, their quality is getting worse, with some grains showing higher levels of mycotoxins. High contamination levels can also be found in distillers grains, an ingredient in increasing supply, originated from the use of corn in ethanol production in the US. Some producers consider that...
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Soraia Putrino
Soraia Putrino and 1 more
ADM
ADM
Introduction The presence of mycotoxins in feed grains is rious for both broilers and broiler performance. In order to reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins in animals, mycotoxin-adsorbing additives with different neutralization abilities are used. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro aflatoxin-adsorbing ability of T5X SD in broilers. ...
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Introduction Anti-nutritional factors depress nutrient quality of the feed and hence the health and performance of poultry. Mycotoxins are one such anti-nutritional factor present in feed ingredients and complete feed. They are the secondary toxic metabolites produced by various genera of fungi. Fungi that produce mycotoxins of major significance in the poultry industry include Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Though hundreds of mycotoxins have been implicated in animal...
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