Asitbaran Mandal

I. INTRODUCTIONKappaphycus alvarezii (KPA) is a red alga that is also called Eucheuma cottonii. Seaweeds have received significant attention for their potential as sources of natural antioxidants attributed to the carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols present which contribute to inhibition or suppression of free radical generation (Athukorala et al. 2006). Kappaphycus alvarezii is rich in enzym ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is receiving increasing attention worldwide because of the hazard it poses to animal and human health. This mycotoxin was isolated as metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus from which the toxin acquired its name. However, ochratoxin production is not unique to Aspergillus ochraceus as additional several Aspergillus species and several Penicillium spec ...

Amongst the most widespread mycotoxins, aflatoxins are of great concern in warm and humid climatic conditions like India (Singh et al. 2010). Aflatoxins include B1, B2, G1 and G2, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most important toxic secondary metabolites, produced by 3 closely related species of Aspergillus; A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius in the feedstuffs. Avoidance of contaminated feed i ...

Mycotoxins are a group of structurally diverse secondary metabolites of fungi that occur as contaminants of grains worldwide. Aspergillus, Alternaria, Claviceps, Fusarium and Penicillium species of fungi are ubiquitous in nature and under ideal conditions often infect economically important crops during storage, shipment and processing. Many secondary metabolites produced by these fungi can cause ...

A number of cereals and other crops that are incorporated into the human and animal feed are susceptible to fungal attack and mycotoxin production, either in the field (before and after harvest) or during storage, transport, processing and feeding whenever conditions are favourable. The fungi involved produce highly toxic compounds as secondary metabolites referred to as mycotoxins, which can caus ...

INTRODUCTIONMany mycotoxins can cause serious health problems in poultry and their presence in feedstuffs may result in a serious economic losses. Aflatoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, especially A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius (Kurtzman et al. 1987). Crops contaminated with aflatoxins are a worldwide problem and ap ...

INTRODUCTIONPresence of mycotoxins in feed is one of the major constraints in maintaining feed quality because the mycotoxins are widely present in feedstuffs around the world and may affect production even in very low concentration. These are low molecular weight toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain strains of filamentous fungi, which invade crops in the field, during harvesting o ...

INTRODUCTIONPresence of mycotoxins in feed is one of the major constraints in maintaining feed quality, especially in tropical countries. The Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that 25% of the world’s crops are affected by mycotoxins each year (Das, 2004). The most widespread mycotoxin i.e., aflatoxins are of great concern in warm and humid climatic conditions like India (Singh ...

INTRODUCTIONThe worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins producing fungi and their ability to grow on the variety of economical important cereal crops have rendered them as unavoidable contaminants of human and animal food and feeds. The family of ochratoxins consists of three members known as ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B and ochratoxin C among these ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic one. They are the ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum. The family of ochratoxins consists of 3 members, viz. ochratoxin A, B and C but ochratoxin A is the most toxic one (Chang et al. 1979). They are the second major group of mycotoxins characterized after the discovery of aflatoxins. OTA is an isocumarin derivative linked through the carboxy group t ...