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Minerals in poultry nutrition
Minerals in poultry nutrition are typically classified as macro- or micro-minerals, depending on the levels needed in the diet. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Requirements for the macro-minerals are typically expressed as a percentage of the diet, while the requirements for the micro-minerals are stated as parts per million. Although the quantities required for micro-minerals are lower than for macro-minerals, they play an essential role in the body's metabolism. The micro-minerals include copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
Introduction Trace minerals are essential elements in the maintenance of life for man and animal. However, what is not well understood or appreciated is how absorption and retention of these minerals can affect animal and human wellbeing, psychological status, health, and performance. While required in small amounts, just milligrams per day, trace minerals play critical roles as catalytic, regulatory, and structural components in multiple enzyme and...
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Introduction Achieving the best fertility is the only goal for successful running of any breeder operation. Advanced genetic selection in broiler breeding has led to tremendous improvements in progeny performance. Body weight gain achievement in modern broiler breeders is swifter than the past hence male management is a crucial aspect to obtain good quality and quantity of semen. Due to some unforeseen events if there is heavy mortality in males, maintaining the fertility...
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INTRODUCTION Disease control, high production, product quality, and reasonable production costs have been the recent main goals of the poultry industry. Hence, meeting per capita consumption and welfare to humans necessitates continuous efficient and goal-oriented healthcare to control disease spread and decrease the application of antibiotics (1). These endeavors will include the launch of programs to control infectious diseases, face the constant changes in political and...
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For the last three decades poultry production worldwide has made tremendous progress in terms of quantity and quality of meat and egg production, including improvement of growth rate and feed conversion rate. However, it has been proven that commercial poultry production is associated with a range of stresses including environmental, technological, nutritional, and internal/biological [1,2]. Indeed, it is practically impossible to avoid stresses, so therefore overproduction of free radicals...
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Background Recently, a comprehensive review paper devoted to roles of nano-Se in livestock and fish nutrition has been published in the Nanoscale Research Letters [1]. The authors described in great detail an issue related to nano-Se production and its possible applications in animal industry and medicine. Indeed, it is well established that many molecules presented as nanoparticles have unusual behaviour due to the new properties of such particles. In fact, in most of the...
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Heat stress occurs when the amount of heat produced by an animal surpasses the animal’s capacity to dissipate the heat to its surrounding environment. It is associated with increased mortality, digestive problems, metabolic imbalance, muscle dysfunction and impaired productivity across species....
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Optimizing performance in broilers with low crude protein diets
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The liver is a key organ for the health and productivity of poultry and plays a significant part in the digestion, metabolism and utilization of nutrients. The liver is involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins; it is the main storage site for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), the...
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Ben Letor, Director of Innovad, introduces Vitalite Energy Chick, during VIV Asia 2017, in Thailand. This is a unique form and texture encourage intake from young birds. An innovative gel technology for on farm use – Nutritional and rehydration supplement for day old chicks. It is a booster that offers different protective and active ingredients to ensure a proper intestinal start-up....
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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I. INTRODUCTION Metabolizable energy (ME), digestible amino acids (dAA) and available phosphorus (avP) are the largest and most expensive components in broiler diets, considerable fractions of which still pass through the digestive tract undigested and are lost via excretion (Ravindran et al., 2013), hence, emphasizing the need for higher nutrient usage efficiency than current practice. Ability of carbohydrases to degrade non-starch polysaccharides and liberate caged starch and...
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The induction of oxidative stress by heat exposure, as well as the relationship between selenium (Se), selenoproteins and oxidative stress, is well described in the scientific literature (Habibian et al.,2015). Zhao et al. (2017) showed that hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) differently affected the expression of the selenogenome as compared to sodium selenite (SS). Hence, it was hypothesised that dietary supplementation of OH-SeMet may benefit heat stressed finishing broilers due to...
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Antibacterial activity of Bacillus species-derived surfactin on Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens (Extract)
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Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy seen in modern broiler birds resulting in quality downgrade of breast fillets. Affected filets show increased toughness both before as well as after cooking and have decreased water holding capacity and marinade pick up compared to normal fillets. ...
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INTRODUCTION
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria that affects several animal species, including poultry. Eimeria multiplication in the intestinal epithelium leads to enterocyte destruction and severe tissue damage, which negatively affects poultry health and welfare status (1). Although difficult to predict, researchers have estimated that the loss in productivity induced by clinical and...
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Traditionally, Zn, Cu and Mn have been added to poultry diets in the form of inorganic salts, such as sulphate, to meet requirements and prevent deficiencies. The sulphate sources of trace minerals have low bioavailability, are highly water soluble and reactive in the feed and digestive tract (Ma et al., 2011). Hydroxychloride minerals (HyC) are a class of naturally occurring minerals with fully defined crystalline structure, where the crystal is held together by a series of covalent bonds...
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Calcium is an important cation in chicken diets, being the most abundant element in the body of the chicken. Its functions include: mineralization of bones, blood clotting, enzyme activation, neuromuscular function, muscle contraction, and intracellular signaling. However, high dietary Ca is a limiting factor for phytase efficacy and the formation of insoluble Ca-phytate complexes decreases Ca and P availability. Furthermore, Williams (2005) has shown high dietary Ca concentration in the...
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1. Introduction Commercial poultry production is associated with a variety of environmental, technological, nutritional and biological/internal stressors which are responsible for decreased productive and reproductive performance and compromised health [1,2]. A great body of recent information clearly indicates that very often overproduction of free radicals, compromised antioxidant defences and oxidative stress are the leading causes of the detrimental consequences of...
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Vitamin A Affected by the excessive decline in the profits of live pigs and poultry farming, the market is mainly replenishing goods in a moderate amount for the time being. The current VA market is quoting USD43.50-46.50/kg, and the price is relatively stable. However, the temporary shortage of supply due to the suspension of production...
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1. Introduction Carotenoids are natural pigments which are responsible for yellow to red colour observed in plants and vegetables (Mortensen, 2006). Carotenoids are important for its various roles in human and animals, these include immune functions, decrease in the risk of disease and antioxidant function (Johnson, 2002; Rao & Honglei, 2002; Hinds et al., 1997). There are over 700 carotenoids (Junpatiw et al., 2013); one of which is the β-carotene. β-carotene can...
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This study investigated the effect of a novel phosphorylated tocopherol mixture (TPM) on the growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens reared in normal temperatures (NT) or cyclical high temperatures (CHT). Three hundred and sixty Ross 308-day old broilers were housed in groups of 5 in cages (n = 12/treatment). From day of placement until d 35, broilers were assigned to 1 of 3 vitamin E-adequate, wheat and soybean meal-based diets containing TPM at 0 (Control; 20ppm of Vit E),...
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INTRODUCTION Natural antioxidants play important roles in maintaining chicken health, productive and reproductive performance of breeders, layers, rearing birds, and growing broilers. There is a wide range of antioxidant molecules in the body. Some of them are supplied with feed (vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium), others are synthesized in tissues (ascorbic acid, coenzyme Q [CoQ], carnitine, taurine, antioxidant enzymes, etc.). In the body all...
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Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association. The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed many aspects of life, but how about for a chicken? Roy Brister, of Tyson Foods, shares some insight on how feed formulation had to change due to a domino effect brought on by the pandemic....
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