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Minerals in poultry nutrition
Minerals in poultry nutrition are typically classified as macro- or micro-minerals, depending on the levels needed in the diet. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Requirements for the macro-minerals are typically expressed as a percentage of the diet, while the requirements for the micro-minerals are stated as parts per million. Although the quantities required for micro-minerals are lower than for macro-minerals, they play an essential role in the body's metabolism. The micro-minerals include copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
In the past few decades in South East Asia (SEA), with a moderate increase in the layer hen population, egg production rate and lifespan have greatly improved. However, when compared with the global egg production per capita (less than 7 vs. more than 10), there is still a significant opportunity to further increase egg production in this area. In SEA, the top challenges for the layer industry are egg quality and egg production rate, especially for old flocks. In old layers, especially after...
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Introduction According to the FAO, livestock is one of the fastest growing sectors of global agricultural production. It is evolving in response to the rapid increase in demand for products of animal origin, especially in developing countries. In developed countries, through intensification practices that have helped increase yields and efficiency while bringing down costs, the demand for livestock products is stagnating and have to face many...
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Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy seen in modern broiler birds resulting in quality downgrade of breast fillets. Affected filets show increased toughness both before as well as after cooking and have decreased water holding capacity and marinade pick up compared to normal fillets. Although the exact etiology is unknown, the circulatory insufficiency and increased oxidative stress in the breast muscles of modern broiler birds could be resulting in damage and...
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Complexes or chelates? Generically speaking, the term ‘complex’ can be used to describe the product formed when a metal ion reacts with a bonding group or ligand that contains an atom which has a lone pair of electrons. In the complex, the ligand is bonded to the metal ion through donor atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur. Ligands that contain only one donor atom are termed ‘monodentate’, whilst those that contain two or...
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Low Protein Diets Downregulate Hepatic Enzymes Responsible for Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis in Broilers
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Introduction All living organisms depend on the continuous supply of available phosphorus (P) sources for a plethora of metabolic processes. Fertilizer and feed phosphates are obtained to a large extent from rock phosphate. This is a non-renewable resource, and the global distribution of rock phosphate reserves is not uniform. Concurrently, P accumulation in areas with high livestock production density may be harmful to the environment. Hence,...
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NEW POLICIES AND ACTIONS
"Dual control of energy consumption" has become a crucial driving force for the contradiction between supply and demand of the veterinary APIs market. On Sep 16, the state planning agency published new policy...
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Introduction Genetic companies using new advances in genetic engineering are working to achieve high-persistence brown and white egg layer hybrids capable of producing more than 500 eggs in a 100-week lay and molt-free period. 1-The quality of the shell is the main reason for a producer to discard a flock of layer. 2-The posture drop is the second. - The most important nutritional strategy is bone health during rearing and all production through the...
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Managing heat stress in poultry remains a major concern for both producers and scientists as it accounts for an annual loss of $128 to $165 million in the poultry industry alone. The impact of heat stress results in a drastic change in physiological activity linked with a decrease in feed consumption, growth rate, eggshell quality, and biochemical change like increase in the level of glucocorticoids leads to reduced immunity, and breakdown of muscle due to gluconeogenesis and the upward...
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Mireille Huard, Senior Technical Services Manager Poultry South Europe at Novus International, Inc. goes deeper into how Bis-chelated trace minerals help to improve meat and carcass quality of modern broilers. “The meat and carcass quality issues can occur at all stages of the bird life and have consequences at farm level or slaughterhouse level, and till the transformation."...
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1. Introduction Under normal circumstances, excessive free radicals are scavenged by body enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, but oxidative stress can occur when the amount of oxidant production surpasses the capacity of the body’s antioxidant system [1,2]. Different aspects of avian productive and reproductive performances, such as egg production rate and egg quality traits, as well as fertility and hatchability may be adversely influenced by oxidative...
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Introduction Trace minerals are essential elements in the maintenance of life for man and animal. However, what is not well understood or appreciated is how absorption and retention of these minerals can affect animal and human wellbeing, psychological status, health, and performance. While required in small amounts, just milligrams per day, trace minerals play critical roles as catalytic, regulatory, and structural components in multiple enzyme and...
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Introduction Achieving the best fertility is the only goal for successful running of any breeder operation. Advanced genetic selection in broiler breeding has led to tremendous improvements in progeny performance. Body weight gain achievement in modern broiler breeders is swifter than the past hence male management is a crucial aspect to obtain good quality and quantity of semen. Due to some unforeseen events if there is heavy mortality in males, maintaining the fertility...
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INTRODUCTION Disease control, high production, product quality, and reasonable production costs have been the recent main goals of the poultry industry. Hence, meeting per capita consumption and welfare to humans necessitates continuous efficient and goal-oriented healthcare to control disease spread and decrease the application of antibiotics (1). These endeavors will include the launch of programs to control infectious diseases, face the constant changes in political and...
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For the last three decades poultry production worldwide has made tremendous progress in terms of quantity and quality of meat and egg production, including improvement of growth rate and feed conversion rate. However, it has been proven that commercial poultry production is associated with a range of stresses including environmental, technological, nutritional, and internal/biological [1,2]. Indeed, it is practically impossible to avoid stresses, so therefore overproduction of free radicals...
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Background Recently, a comprehensive review paper devoted to roles of nano-Se in livestock and fish nutrition has been published in the Nanoscale Research Letters [1]. The authors described in great detail an issue related to nano-Se production and its possible applications in animal industry and medicine. Indeed, it is well established that many molecules presented as nanoparticles have unusual behaviour due to the new properties of such particles. In fact, in most of the...
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Heat stress occurs when the amount of heat produced by an animal surpasses the animal’s capacity to dissipate the heat to its surrounding environment. It is associated with increased mortality, digestive problems, metabolic imbalance, muscle dysfunction and impaired productivity across species....
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The liver is a key organ for the health and productivity of poultry and plays a significant part in the digestion, metabolism and utilization of nutrients. The liver is involved in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins; it is the main storage site for fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), the...
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Ben Letor, Director of Innovad, introduces Vitalite Energy Chick, during VIV Asia 2017, in Thailand. This is a unique form and texture encourage intake from young birds. An innovative gel technology for on farm use – Nutritional and rehydration supplement for day old chicks. It is a booster that offers different protective and active ingredients to ensure a proper intestinal start-up....
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I. INTRODUCTION Metabolizable energy (ME), digestible amino acids (dAA) and available phosphorus (avP) are the largest and most expensive components in broiler diets, considerable fractions of which still pass through the digestive tract undigested and are lost via excretion (Ravindran et al., 2013), hence, emphasizing the need for higher nutrient usage efficiency than current practice. Ability of carbohydrases to degrade non-starch polysaccharides and liberate caged starch and...
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