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Minerals in poultry nutrition
Minerals in poultry nutrition are typically classified as macro- or micro-minerals, depending on the levels needed in the diet. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Requirements for the macro-minerals are typically expressed as a percentage of the diet, while the requirements for the micro-minerals are stated as parts per million. Although the quantities required for micro-minerals are lower than for macro-minerals, they play an essential role in the body's metabolism. The micro-minerals include copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
Maven of diversified fields including Steve Jobs believes in Quality rather than quantity. In Poultry, quality egg even if less quantity can conquer more profit than the poor quality (cracked, soiled, smelled, less weight, misshapen, etc) but more in quantity eggs. Summer is the...
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Mireille Huard, Senior Technical Services Manager Poultry South Europe chez Novus International, Inc. approfondit la manière dont les oligo-éléments bis-chélatés contribuent à améliorer la qualité de la viande et de la carcasse des poulets de chair modernes. « Les problèmes de qualité de la viande et des carcasses peuvent survenir à tous les stades de la vie des oiseaux et avoir des conséquences au niveau de la ferme ou de l'abattoir, et jusqu'à la transformation. »...
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Copper (Cu) is a vital element involved in various physiological and biochemical processes, namely cellular metabolism and enzyme systems. Higher levels of copper than nutritional requirements (up to 250 mg/kg) are supplemented to poultry diets. However, if in excess, excreted Cu can contaminate the environment. High levels of copper sulphate (CuSO 4 ) may damage other dietary nutrients through increased oxidation. Meanwhile, copper hydroxychloride (IBC) is less soluble than...
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Water is a critical but often overlooked nutrient. Animals can survive longer without food than they can without water. Water is involved in every aspect of animal metabolism. It plays an important role in the regulation of body temperature, digesting food, and eliminating wastes. At normal temperatures, water consumption can double or quadruple. To remain healthy, poultry flocks require water of adequate quality and quantity.
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INTRODUCTION As we learn more about the negative impacts of calcium (Ca) on the availability of phosphorus (P), it highlights how little we know about Ca requirements, digestibility of Ca in ingredients, and their impact on P digestibility (Angel, 2019). These impacts can be direct or indirect through chelation with phytate, which can have a profound impact on the efficacy of phytase. Historically the ratio of Ca to P has been defined as total Ca to total P or total Ca to a form...
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1. INTRODUCTION Consumer demands and the pressure of supermarket chains are changing rapidly the way eggs are produced. Enriched cages are not considered a sound alternative to improve animal welfare standards in the developed countries. Consequently, the industry is moving hens from battery cages towards alternative systems, such as deep litter and aviary barns, with or without access to an outdoor area. In addition, organic production with non-beak trimmed hens, under...
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Introduction In practice, an optimisation program is used to formulate commercial diets to meet the minimum nutrient constraints in order to minimise feed costs. With phytase, potentially unjustifiable high contributions will result in reduction of safety margins or even lead to nutrient and energy deficiencies with a negative impact on animal performance. When applying values, it is important to understand that it is not possible to compare matrices from different phytases...
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I. INTRODUCTION Commercial laying hens have been successfully selected for increasing production cycle lengths. Rather than being depopulated at 60 to 70 weeks of age, or being moulted to allow for additional production cycles, the egg industry has moved towards cycle lengths of 80 weeks or even longer. Selection for increased persistency of production and livability, skeletal health, and a slow rate of increase...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals of great concern to poultry nutritionists as a result of the relatively large quantities needed in the diet, and the adverse effects on bone formation, shell quality, and overall performance when inadequate amounts of these minerals are supplied. It is further difficult to discuss calcium supply in poultry diets without referring to phosphorus, since the...
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In the past few decades in South East Asia (SEA), with a moderate increase in the layer hen population, egg production rate and lifespan have greatly improved. However, when compared with the global egg production per capita (less than 7 vs. more than 10), there is still a significant opportunity to further increase egg production in this area. In SEA, the top challenges for the layer industry are egg quality and egg production rate, especially for old flocks. In old layers, especially after...
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Introduction According to the FAO, livestock is one of the fastest growing sectors of global agricultural production. It is evolving in response to the rapid increase in demand for products of animal origin, especially in developing countries. In developed countries, through intensification practices that have helped increase yields and efficiency while bringing down costs, the demand for livestock products is stagnating and have to face many...
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Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy seen in modern broiler birds resulting in quality downgrade of breast fillets. Affected filets show increased toughness both before as well as after cooking and have decreased water holding capacity and marinade pick up compared to normal fillets. Although the exact etiology is unknown, the circulatory insufficiency and increased oxidative stress in the breast muscles of modern broiler birds could be resulting in damage and...
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Complexes or chelates? Generically speaking, the term ‘complex’ can be used to describe the product formed when a metal ion reacts with a bonding group or ligand that contains an atom which has a lone pair of electrons. In the complex, the ligand is bonded to the metal ion through donor atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur. Ligands that contain only one donor atom are termed ‘monodentate’, whilst those that contain two or...
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Introduction All living organisms depend on the continuous supply of available phosphorus (P) sources for a plethora of metabolic processes. Fertilizer and feed phosphates are obtained to a large extent from rock phosphate. This is a non-renewable resource, and the global distribution of rock phosphate reserves is not uniform. Concurrently, P accumulation in areas with high livestock production density may be harmful to the environment. Hence,...
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NEW POLICIES AND ACTIONS
"Dual control of energy consumption" has become a crucial driving force for the contradiction between supply and demand of the veterinary APIs market. On Sep 16, the state planning agency published new policy...
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Introduction Genetic companies using new advances in genetic engineering are working to achieve high-persistence brown and white egg layer hybrids capable of producing more than 500 eggs in a 100-week lay and molt-free period. 1-The quality of the shell is the main reason for a producer to discard a flock of layer. 2-The posture drop is the second. - The most important nutritional strategy is bone health during rearing and all production through the...
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Managing heat stress in poultry remains a major concern for both producers and scientists as it accounts for an annual loss of $128 to $165 million in the poultry industry alone. The impact of heat stress results in a drastic change in physiological activity linked with a decrease in feed consumption, growth rate, eggshell quality, and biochemical change like increase in the level of glucocorticoids leads to reduced immunity, and breakdown of muscle due to gluconeogenesis and the upward...
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Mireille Huard, Senior Technical Services Manager Poultry South Europe at Novus International, Inc. goes deeper into how Bis-chelated trace minerals help to improve meat and carcass quality of modern broilers. “The meat and carcass quality issues can occur at all stages of the bird life and have consequences at farm level or slaughterhouse level, and till the transformation."...
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1. Introduction Under normal circumstances, excessive free radicals are scavenged by body enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, but oxidative stress can occur when the amount of oxidant production surpasses the capacity of the body’s antioxidant system [1,2]. Different aspects of avian productive and reproductive performances, such as egg production rate and egg quality traits, as well as fertility and hatchability may be adversely influenced by oxidative...
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