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Minerals in poultry nutrition
Minerals in poultry nutrition are typically classified as macro- or micro-minerals, depending on the levels needed in the diet. The macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Requirements for the macro-minerals are typically expressed as a percentage of the diet, while the requirements for the micro-minerals are stated as parts per million. Although the quantities required for micro-minerals are lower than for macro-minerals, they play an essential role in the body's metabolism. The micro-minerals include copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc.
Good Evening I have a question regarding using the phytase matrix value in the least cost formulation software. Should I enter the Calcium value, or should I leave it Zero? Dealing with the calcium figure is not like the others, because we don't have Total calcium, and available calcium in the formulation, we have only calcium which will assume that it is 100% available. for the energy, we have Total energy and ME, for phosphorus we have the total and the available, Amino acids we have total...
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September 30, 2024
United States - Arkansas - Fayetteville
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Rick Kleyn (Consultant at Spesfeed) comments on levels of protein, energy, and phosphorus when formulating poultry diets, in this Engormix interview....
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Copper (Cu) is a vital element involved in cellular metabolism and enzyme systems. At levels greater than nutritional requirements, dietary Cu addition enhances growth performance as a growth promoter (Pesti and Bakalii, 1996). Copper dosing at levels up to 250 mg/kg feed has been shown to improve intestinal structure and function, and alter the intestinal microbiota profile (Di Giancamillo et al., 2018). However, a high level of copper in the sulphate form (CuSO 4 ) which is...
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Recently we face with higher Ca content in maize and Soybean meal than the values mentioned in feed composition tables. for instance, the Ca content for Maize is 0.02 % but our results showed that the Ca content in Maize is 0.4% which is 20 times higher than feed compositing Tables values. For soybean meal the Ca content is 0.3-0.6 % in feed composition tables but we see the 1-0.9 %. The macro- mineral content of feed stuff showed be check before feed formulation. So we prepared...
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Available Phosphorus (aP) is the portion of dietary total P that meets the animal's P requirements. This definition isn't tied to a specific P fraction (phytate or nonphytate P). Interestingly, some phytate P (pP) is available to animals, while some nonphytate P (npP) is not, and the availability of both can vary greatly between different feeds It's a good time to remember this... Available P is not Nonphytate
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I. INTRODUCTION Poultry meat is the second-largest meat source with excellent quality of proteins and essential micronutrients for human nutrition globally (Pawar et al., 2016). However, the pursuit of increased meat yield, lean mass ratio and large breast muscle has had significant impacts on meat quality in broilers. Moreover, in modern commercial broiler rearing systems, high stocking density and various stress factors also inevitably lead to impaired growth performance and meat...
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In recent years, the egg industry is aiming to prolong the life cycle of laying hens, both for reasons of profitability and for sustainability. However, the goal to produce 500 eggs in a 100-week cycle is hindered by the declining performance of older hens. It is hypothesised that nutritional strategies can be implemented to support the health of these animals, thereby improving laying persistency. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of two sources of butyrate...
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Ben Parsons (University of Arkansas) speaks on the cost and environmental implications of phosphorus requirements and explains the steps forward shown in his recent research, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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I. INTRODUCTION Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in metabolic processes and the third most costly nutrient in monogastric feed after energy and protein. All plant ingredients contain phytate (salt of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6) which is a source of phosphorus for farm animals. However, phytate has poor bioavailability for monogastric animals due to inadequacy of endogenous phytase activity and lower microbial degradation capacity in the digestive tract (Li...
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APIs MARKET Pre-festival stocking-up was generally completed in mid-to-late January. Some two weeks before the holiday, including the early part of this month, the market has no actual trading activity. The market has a strong wait-and-see sentiment and lacks sustained positive support. After returning from the holiday, the sales rhythm of the veterinary API market has not yet fully recovered, and the market activity and scale have not returned to normal levels. Some leading...
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Introduction Heat stress (HS) is one of the most challenging environmental stressors despite the modern climate control equipment in broiler chickens’ houses. Broiler flocks may be seasonally exposed to HS that varies in intensity according to the relative humidity of the region [1]. Multiple studies have identified the various adverse effects of acute or chronic HS on chickens, such as a severe reduction in feed intake and growth [2–4], systemic alkalosis [5],...
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Introduction Routine supplementation of dietary Cu, as well as other trace minerals, is intended to prevent deficiencies that originate from the lack of sufficient amounts of this micromineral in the feeds. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is traditionally utilized as the source Cu of supplementation in poultry feeds because of its wide availability and low cost (1). Total supplemental Cu in commercially formulated broiler feeds is variable, as can be observed in the...
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Feed cost accounts for the largest proportion of the production cost of poultry and swine production. Further, the recent disruptions in the supply chain for feed ingredients and the continued consumer demand for food of animal origin that is sustainably produced dictates the need for solutions that utilize locally available resources. In the face of these challenges, significant progress towards a resilient Canadian animal nutrition industry can be realized by reducing dependency on...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) is a dietary essential mineral for poultry and the requirements for poultry have been investigated extensively for more than 75 years (Driver et al., 2005). Calcium is the most prevalent mineral in the body and is important for many physiological processes such as enzyme activation, intracellular signalling, acid base balance, eggshell formation and bone mineralisation (Li et al., 2017). Almost 99% of Ca is stored in the skeleton as hydroxyapatite...
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I. INTRODUCTION Stephen Jay Gould famously introduced the term ‘non-overlapping magisteria’ in a Natural History article in March 1997, to describe the separation between scientific and religious lines of enquiry (Gould, 1997). From a broiler nutrition perspective, it would be accurate to represent digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy research, and digestible P and Ca research, using the same vocabulary. Despite these distinct research domains, considerable...
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Trace minerals are often supplied in the forms of inorganic salts such as sulphates into poultry feed to meet the requirements. The ionic bonds in inorganic salts of minerals are very weak allowing the metal ion to disassociate once in contact with water, binding up diet antagonists such as other minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. To mitigate these negative effects technologies such as organic minerals or mineral complexes, which are less reactive, are used. In hydroxychloride minerals (Hyd)...
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I. INTRODUCTION The continuous genetic improvements are increasing the first commercial egg size produced and extending the production life of the layer hens worldwide. These improvements are related to what happens at rearing and at the start of the production. Early studies showed that while approximately 60 to 75% of the calcium destined for the shell comes directly from intestinal absorption (Driggers and Comar, 1949), up to 36% could be traced to bones (Mueller et al., 1964)....
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Zinc is an essential trace mineral in broiler nutrition. However, in commercial practice it is often fed above requirements to prevent any deficiencies. To prevent deficiencies, Zinc hydroxychloride (HTM) (IntelliBond®, Trouw Nutrition, Netherlands) provides versatility to optimise the producer’s trace mineral program and allow them to feed levels lower than those commercially used today in the form of sulfate trace minerals (STM). Raw data of nine studies was combined into...
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Duarte Neves (Zinpro) The poultry industry is facing a problem with the fertility of broiler breeder eggs. The use of elevated amounts of trace minerals such as zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) within a broiler breeder diet has been previously linked to an increase in eggshell quality, which in turn may lead to an increased fertility rate. A parameter that has been linked to an increased eggshell quality is shell translucency. The...
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