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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Phytase has been regularly incorporated into commercial poultry diets due to its relatively low cost and effectiveness at hydrolyzing phytate (IP6; myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Bedford and Cowieson, 2009). Dephosphorylation through phytase supplementation is needed for birds to access this source of P and also to prevent the chelation of IP6 with other nutrients such as amino acids and minerals (Nelson, 1967; Ravindran et...
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Why does Cobb broiler diet specification is lower in digestible amino acids, far lower than Hubbard, Arbor acres and Ross or Amino acids producing company like Evonik recommendations? And when formulating broiler diet is it important to go with breeder company specifications? ...
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Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Gut Morphology in Broilers under Clostridium perfringens Challenges (Extract)
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I. INTRODUCTION The global supply of poultry products will need to double by 2050 if we are to meet the aspiration of all people to be food secure. We will need to produce more poultry meat in the face of changing consumer perceptions and constrained resources. Consumers expect this to be achieved in a sustainable manner. The industry has the skills to achieve this. Genotypes continue to improve; production methods and business models are evolving; and we have enhanced our...
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I. INTRODUCTION Xylanases have been used in the poultry industry for 30 years, initially to improve litter quality in wheat-based diets but later to also improve performance or reduce costs in wheat, corn, sorghum and barley based diets. It is widely accepted that these benefits are the result of the enzyme partly degrading the insoluble cell wall arabinoxylans to release the enclosed nutrients and the soluble arabinoxylans to reduce digesta viscosity, hence improving nutrient...
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1. Introduction The male breeding broiler is the bird used to produce a fertile egg from which the future broiler will be fattened to obtain meat. The importance of the rooster lies in the dissemination of genetic progress to obtain, in its progeny, large muscle masses because during its reproductive stage it is responsible for the fertilization of 1000 to 2000 eggs [1]. Currently, due to the genetic improvements that have been carried out to obtain birds with large muscle...
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INTRODUCTION In current poultry production, physical separation between the hatchery and farms can cause newborn chickens to spend a variable period of time without food, and usually between 36 to 48 hrs. pass after birth before birds have access to feed, reducing the weight of the birds during this time (1). Delayed feed consumption can reduce the rate of growth and cause weight loss (2). By contrast, immediate access to food and water after hatching may promote...
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Best Practices for Sustainable Waste Management and Environmental Solutions
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After several years of relatively low corn and soybean meal prices, recent increases have commercial nutritionists and livestock producers looking at various methods to offset the impact of rising feed prices. If finished...
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Dr. Frances Yan, senior research scientist at Novus International, speaks about the mode of action of a NIR technology to predict TI and soybean meal and its impact on amino acid digestibility of diets combined with the protease of Cibenza® DP 100...
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Will New Version of GMP Boost the Veterinary Drugs Industry?
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1. Introduction Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of the Aspergillus species of fungi, which are generally contaminate tropical and subtropical food and feedstuffs [1]. However, due to climate change, their occurrence in temperate climates should be taken into account not only during storage but also on the field [2,3]. Climate change usually causes drought stress in fungi, and stress-responding pathways can stimulate the AF production of Aspergillus flavus...
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All vertebrates need creatine for their energy metabolism. Omnivores receive a part of it from their nutrition. Creatine is naturally present in meat and fish, however, only trace amounts of creatine are found in fish meal and meat meal. So, creatine is lost on the way from fresh meat to meat meals. Animals respond to this deficiency with low muscle creatine. Today´s feed has lost an essential biomolecule - it has lost creatine. Creamino technology brings back creatine to animal diets....
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Fermentation products with main and side activities Feed enzymes are mostly produced by fungi or bacteria. Those living organisms produce a wide variety of different enzyme proteins. For commercial practice, only a limited number of those activities is assayed in the laboratory. Assaying e.g. the xylanase activity obviously results in a quantification of the xylanase level, while not providing information about other activities that remain present in the fermentation product. In...
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Dr. Andreas Lemme, Director of Technical Consultancy, explains the challenges in poultry production today with a focus on improving sustainability, particularly finding optimum balance between the socio-ethical, environmental and economic factors. "With regards to environmental aspects, the WWF report from 2016 clearly identified the natural boundaries for coping with nitrogen and phosphorous are heavily exceeded"....
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Background
Antibiotic Growth Promotors (AGPs) are a group of feed additives widely used to improve animal health and performance. Mode of action is actually still an area of debate, but it is clear we have moved away from a simple model of reduction of pathogens / reduction of microbiota competition with the host animal to one where reduction of inflammation and modulation of immune response is a more likely explanation.
AGPs are effective in enhancing...
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The Impact of Feed Pelleting on Enzyme Thermostability In animal feed manufacturing, the process of pelleting is used to convert mash feed into compressed pellets. Pelleting provides several advantages, such as ease of handling, reduction of dust and waste and standard composition. The use of pelleted feed is also known to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR) due to better digestibility and absorption of nutrients by the animal. During the...
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Given the increasing pressure to limit the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production, the availability of alternative approaches to maintaining animal health and productivity becomes imperative for the poultry industry. Essential in evaluating such an alternative is its ability to promote and maintain...
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Up to 15 percent of the nutrients in a poultry diets are trapped in NSPs and therefore are wasted. The largest portion of these NSPs are xylans, which is why xylanases are of crucial importance. Xylanases are classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) families according to structure and properties. Within the different GH families, GH10 and GH11 are the most efficient xylanases for use in the animal feed. However, xylanase activities highly depend on environmental conditions and most natural...
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Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Gut Morphology in Broilers under Clostridium perfringens Challenges (Extract)
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Background: Poultry producers are experiencing increasing pressure to limit the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters. NSPase enzymes can be used to promote growth performance, while enhancing nutrient utilization, improving gut health, and reducing production costs,. Xylanase enzymes are an integral part of commercial poultry production for this reason. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of graded doses of Xylamax, a high-performance xylanase,...
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1. Introduction Breeding programmes are designed to produce a broiler with high potential for growth, yield, and feed efficiency. These traits may compromise health status under husbandry designed to maximise this genetic potential, since there is a trade-off between growth- and health-related traits with responses to husbandry programmes, age, sex, and genetic line (Siegel et al., 2001). In this respect, it is well...
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