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Enzymes in poultry nutrition

Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
INTRODUCTION In current poultry production, physical separation between the hatchery and farms can cause newborn chickens to spend a variable period of time without food, and usually between 36 to 48 hrs. pass after birth before birds have access to feed, reducing the weight of the birds during this time (1). Delayed feed consumption can reduce the rate of growth and cause weight loss (2). By contrast, immediate access to food and water after hatching may promote...
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David Nelson
Alzchem Group AG
After several years of relatively low corn and soybean meal prices, recent increases have commercial nutritionists and livestock producers looking at various methods to offset the impact of rising feed prices. If finished...
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Dr. Frances Yan, senior research scientist at Novus International, speaks about the mode of action of a NIR technology to predict TI and soybean meal and its impact on amino acid digestibility of diets combined with the protease of Cibenza® DP 100...
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Mézes Miklós
Mézes Miklós and 4 more
Szent István University
Szent István University
1. Introduction Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of the Aspergillus species of fungi, which are generally contaminate tropical and subtropical food and feedstuffs [1]. However, due to climate change, their occurrence in temperate climates should be taken into account not only during storage but also on the field [2,3]. Climate change usually causes drought stress in fungi, and stress-responding pathways can stimulate the AF production of Aspergillus flavus...
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John Thomson
Alzchem Group AG
All vertebrates need creatine for their energy metabolism. Omnivores receive a part of it from their nutrition. Creatine is naturally present in meat and fish, however, only trace amounts of creatine are found in fish meal and meat meal. So, creatine is lost on the way from fresh meat to meat meals. Animals respond to this deficiency with low muscle creatine. Today´s feed has lost an essential biomolecule - it has lost creatine. Creamino technology brings back creatine to animal diets....
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Fermentation products with main and side activities Feed enzymes are mostly produced by fungi or bacteria. Those living organisms produce a wide variety of different enzyme proteins. For commercial practice, only a limited number of those activities is assayed in the laboratory. Assaying e.g. the xylanase activity obviously results in a quantification of the xylanase level, while not providing information about other activities that remain present in the fermentation product. In...
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Dr. Andreas Lemme
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Dr. Andreas Lemme, Director of Technical Consultancy, explains the challenges in poultry production today with a focus on improving sustainability, particularly finding optimum balance between the socio-ethical, environmental and economic factors. "With regards to environmental aspects, the WWF report from 2016 clearly identified the natural boundaries for coping with nitrogen and phosphorous are heavily exceeded"....
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Martin Smith
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Background Antibiotic Growth Promotors (AGPs) are a group of feed additives widely used to improve animal health and performance. Mode of action is actually still an area of debate, but it is clear we have moved away from a simple model of reduction of pathogens / reduction of microbiota competition with the host animal to one where reduction of inflammation and modulation of immune response is a more likely explanation. AGPs are effective in enhancing...
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The Impact of Feed Pelleting on Enzyme Thermostability In animal feed manufacturing, the process of pelleting is used to convert mash feed into compressed pellets. Pelleting provides several advantages, such as ease of handling, reduction of dust and waste and standard composition. The use of pelleted feed is also known to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR) due to better digestibility and absorption of nutrients by the animal. During the...
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Yun-mei Amy Lin
BioResource International, Inc
Given the increasing pressure to limit the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production, the availability of alternative approaches to maintaining animal health and productivity  becomes imperative for the poultry industry. Essential in evaluating such an alternative is its ability to promote and maintain...
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Up to 15 percent of the nutrients in a poultry diets are trapped in NSPs and therefore are wasted. The largest portion of these NSPs are xylans, which is why xylanases are of crucial importance. Xylanases are classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) families according to structure and properties. Within the different GH families, GH10 and GH11 are the most efficient xylanases for use in the animal feed. However, xylanase activities highly depend on environmental conditions and most natural...
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Yun-mei Amy Lin
BioResource International, Inc
Background: Poultry producers are experiencing increasing pressure to limit the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters. NSPase enzymes can be used to promote growth performance, while enhancing nutrient utilization, improving gut health, and reducing production costs,. Xylanase enzymes are an integral part of commercial poultry production for this reason. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of graded doses of Xylamax, a high-performance xylanase,...
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Peter Surai
Peter Surai and 1 more
Scottish Agricultural College - SAC
Scottish Agricultural College - SAC
1. Introduction Breeding programmes are designed to produce a broiler with high potential for growth, yield, and feed efficiency. These traits may compromise health status under husbandry designed to maximise this genetic potential, since there is a trade-off between growth- and health-related traits with responses to husbandry programmes, age, sex, and genetic line (Siegel et al., 2001). In this respect, it is well...
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Joaquin Armando Paulino Paniagua
Universidad ISA (Instituto Superior de Agricultura)
Universidad ISA (Instituto Superior de Agricultura)
Introduction Precision Animal Nutrition is the effective use of available feed resources in order to maximize the response of animals to nutrients. It is an ideal method to improve the productivity of animals in developing countries in view of inadequate...
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Rose Whelan
Evonik Animal Nutrition
Evonik Animal Nutrition
A study published in 2003 comparing the nutrition and genetics of broilers from 1957 to a commercially available broiler strain estimated that within less than 50 years of development, broilers were reared to maturation in a third of the time (Havenstein et al., 2003). This shows clear evidence that improvements in genetics, nutrition and management of rearing meat producing chickens has continually improved the growth rate of birds. However, the effects of rapid growth rate on immune...
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