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Metabolic and nutritional diseases in poultry
Deficiencies or disturbances of nutrition cause a variety of diseases and can arise in different ways. The amount of a particular nutrient in the diet may be insufficient to meet the requirements, the diet may contain substances that inactivate the nutrient or inhibit its absorption/utilisation, or metabolism may be upset by the interaction of dietary and environmental factors. Peroxidation of lipids or oxygen free radical generation in general is a physiological process important for cell metabolism, division and differentiation and also for the biosynthesis of hormones and prostaglandins. Several common health conditions can affect poultry, including visceral gout, fatty liver syndrome, cloacal prolapse, osteomalacia, vitamin E deficiency, and ascites syndrome. Understanding these conditions and implementing appropriate management strategies can help prevent and treat them effectively.
Anatomically, the main structural unit that conforms the liver are microscopic cells called hepatocytes. When hepatocytes are loaded with fat or pigments, as a consequence of some of the elements that we are going to describe in this article, some changes in color will be observed. The main factors involved with coloration changes in young and adult commercial birds are the following: physiological, nutritional, ingestion of toxic substances, and/or management-related practices...
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Introduction With an average of 314.2 kg/capita consumed per year worldwide, poultry meat is the most widely eaten type of meat in the world (OECD, 2019). Poultry production and consumption have increased substantially over the last 40 to 50 y and are expected to further increase, especially in developing countries, which may make chicken meat the most valuable meat protein source for a growing global population. The universal success of chicken meat is found in its...
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Amit Morey (Auburn University) talked about the search for better methods of quality control regarding poultry meat, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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The uterine prolapse is one of the problems facing egg-producing poultry growers, whether it is eggs for hatchery or for human consumption.
In the normal situation and when laying eggs, part of the oviduct is taken out for a few moments and then return to the normal state. However, sometimes after ovulation, a reversal of that part, especially the last part of the uterus and vagina, can not return to the normal state. Which causes what is known as uterine prolapse and in severe cases...
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I have been looking for a solid answer regarding this topic: Why do rickets occurs mostly in young chicks? Anyone having better knowledge is welcome to join this discussion...
Thanks...
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Wilmer Pacheco (Auburn University) explained the results of this research and some interesting findings regarding performance and incidence of myopathies, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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Guillermo Tellez (University of Arkansas) discussed his research on the correlation between adipose tissue and woody breast, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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What is the major reason fo low feed consumption and lameness. Any difficiency daminate this. Here attached few of the pictures and videos...
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INTRODUCTION Advancements in clinical veterinary medicine have resulted in portable diagnostic tools that provide rapid, cost-effective means to investigate metabolic disturbances using blood samples. The handheld i-STATR 1 (2006) analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, East Windsor, NJ) requires a relatively small blood sample (∼100 μL), can be performed “pen-side,” and may be useful in population medicine for commercial egg production systems. The i-STATR 1 has been...
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Casey Owens Hanning (University of Arkansas) shared the results of this research and the characteristics with better prediction value, during IPPE 2019 in Atlanta, USA....
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1. Introduction In the US, 30 serovars of Salmonella enterica causing foodborne illness persist at an incidence in the general food supply to warrant continuous survey [1]. Several serovars are of interest for their association with eggs and poultry products. Phenotype microarray (PM) data were accumulated for the top 4 serovars of Salmonella enterica linked to chicken (Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Infantis)...
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Abbreviations ALC: Acetyl-L-Carnitine; AREs: Antioxidant Response Elements; BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin; b.w.: Body Weight; CoQ: Coenzyme Q; eNOS: Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase; FFA: Free Fatty Acids; γGCS: γ-Glutamate Cysteine Ligase; GRα: Glucocorticoid Receptor-α; GR: Glutathione Reductase; GSH: Glutathione; GSHPx: Glutathione Peroxidase; GST: Glutathione Transferase; HO: Heme Oxygenase; HSP:...
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Immunometabolism
The interface of the immune system and metabolism is an emerging field of study. Relatively recently, immunity and metabolism were treated as distinct processes carried out by an organism. Immunity was focused on the recognition and resistance to a pathogen and involved its own set of cells and tissue activities. Metabolism was solely the chemical...
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Good litter management and proper ventilation are critical to preventing footpad dermatitis (FPD) and maintaining health in poultry flocks. Footpad dermatitis first became an issue for the poultry industry in the 1980s, but it surely existed long before that time. The condition is known by a variety of names, including pododermatitis and contact dermatitis. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers on the footpad and toes. The sores can be shallow or deep....
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INTRODUCTION Fumonisins are secondary metabolites of Fusarium verticilloides and were first isolated and chemically characterized in 1988 (Gelderblom et al. 1988). About 28 homologues have been discovered since then. However, from a toxicological standpoint, Fumonisin B 1 (FB) is the most common and studied homologue. Others, such as FB 2 , FB 3 , and FB 4 are less...
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Cystic oviduct in broilers and layers is a common observation in many field cases with severe nephritis. Is it a pathognomonic lesion of any viral disease as IB kidny form or associated with nephritis? and what is the mechanism?...
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