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Metabolic and nutritional diseases in poultry
Deficiencies or disturbances of nutrition cause a variety of diseases and can arise in different ways. The amount of a particular nutrient in the diet may be insufficient to meet the requirements, the diet may contain substances that inactivate the nutrient or inhibit its absorption/utilisation, or metabolism may be upset by the interaction of dietary and environmental factors. Peroxidation of lipids or oxygen free radical generation in general is a physiological process important for cell metabolism, division and differentiation and also for the biosynthesis of hormones and prostaglandins. Several common health conditions can affect poultry, including visceral gout, fatty liver syndrome, cloacal prolapse, osteomalacia, vitamin E deficiency, and ascites syndrome. Understanding these conditions and implementing appropriate management strategies can help prevent and treat them effectively.
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Guillermo Tellez-Isaias (University of Arkansas) gives a talk on the interactions between diet ingredients, gut microbiome, nervous system, immune system, endocrine system and mitochondria, during the Symposium on Gut Health in St. Louis, USA....
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The method of measuring HDL blood serum of laying birds by spectrophotometric method, which is one of the common methods for measuring blood parameters by laboratory method. Measurement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) HDL stands for "high-density lipoprotein", which is the name of one of the compounds in the body. This compound is one of the members of the lipoprotein family, which are made in the body to transport fats to different places. HDL cholesterol is called good cholesterol because...
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INTRODUCTION According to data from the Brazilian Animal Protein Association (ABPA, 2018), in 2017 the Brazil occupied the 2nd place in the world poultry meat production, behind only the United States of America. However, Brazil remains in first place in world exports, destining more than 30% of chicken meat production to exportation. Following the legal recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply, through the supervision of the Federal Inspection...
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INTRODUCTION In the last decade, Brazil has recorded a 10.56% increase in the number of poultry (broiler, turkey and quail) slaughtered in establishments registered under the “Serviço de Inspeção Federal” (SIF - Federal Inspection Service), increasing from 4,795,965,464 birds in 2010 to 5,302,510,470 birds in 2019 (MAPA 2020). This growth is the result of the competitive strength of poultry farming in the country, based on low production costs,...
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by Sam Shafer
Poultry scientists find potential link between valine×leucine interactions and woody breast
According to a new study in The Journal of Applied Poultry Research , producers have little to worry about when it comes to branched-chain amino acid interactions and their effects on broiler live performance...
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Background For many years the commercial broiler industry has focused on genetic selection for economically important traits such as rapid gain of muscle mass, decreased time from hatch to market, and increased feed efficiency. Undoubtedly, this strategy has resulted in the development of a chicken genotype with superior growth characteristics, but history has shown that intensive genetic selection in meat type poultry for production traits will inevitably lead to occurrence of...
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Prior to the World's Poultry Congress 2022, the Opening Conference will address “Water: key for sustainable nutrition” on August 7th from 2pm.
Leading experts...
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INTRODUCTION Genetic selection in poultry has progressed continuously since the early 1960s, resulting in faster growth rates and higher meat production (Havenstein et al., 2003a,b). Over the past 60 years, body weight gain has increased fourfold from 1957 to 2005 with a simultaneous 50% reduction in feed conversion ratio and 79% higher Pectoralis major yield in males and 85% in females (Zuidhof et al., 2014). At the same time, the growth, development, structure, and...
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The liver is one of the most metabolically active organs in the bird and its function can be altered when the animal is exposed to toxic compounds, which is more frequent in birds with long lifespans, such layers and breeders. It is involved in key digestive, metabolic and excretory activities: Metabolism of proteins, fats and...
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1. Introduction The consumption of poultry meat has shown an increase from 2016 (116,845.36 thousand metric ton) to 2018 (120,884.63 thousand metric ton) [1]. Moreover, during the period 2020–2029, global livestock production is expected to expand by 14%, poultry remaining the fastest growing meat accounting for about half of the projected increase in total meat output, while world population is expected to grow only by ca 1% per year [1]. The goal of the poultry...
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The liver is the biochemical center of the organism, involved in multiple metabolism and homeostasis functions. Its importance in the poultry production is undeniable because of its role on the protein synthesis and, therefore, on meat and egg production, as well as on the immune response of the animal to vaccination and diseases. Any challenge affecting this organ will have a negative impact in the productivity of growing and laying birds. The use of liver conditioner pronutrients aim...
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INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of modern broilers in a relatively short period of time requires a parallel increase in the size or capacity of supply organs, such as those of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, due to the slower development of these organs relative to body growth rate, the capacity to balance body energy is compromised, particularly under extreme environment conditions, such as cold stress (Shahir et al., 2012; Shinder, 2002). Cold...
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INTRODUCTION Ascites or pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is one of the main causes of mortality in modern broilers. It is estimated that ascites incidence may be as high as 20% of total mortality in broilers [1]. Due to selection for rapid growth, broiler chickens have a high metabolic rate and hence higher oxygen requirements. However, they have a marginal capacity of lung and cardiovascular systems to supply their high oxygen demand. This results in impaired ability to...
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We have a layer poultry farm here in the philippines. 2 bldg. with a population of 9,400/bldg. The breed is lohman white. Age is between 20 - 28 weeks old with a production of 70% and 90%. The problem is our mortality is ranging from 10 - 15 heads per building per day. primary cause of death is prolapse and egg bound. we fed them with a high enery feeds, does the high energy feeds contributes to our chicken prolapse? Temperature is around 28 to 30degree celcius....
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INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is a group of closely related compounds that have antirachitic activity. It has been estimated that nearly 50% of the United States population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (Holick et al., 2011). Vitamin D 3 (D 3 ) deficiency can cause rickets in young children or increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults (Holick, 2005). One approach to increase D 3 intake in a population without...
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I. INTRODUCTION The rise in incidence of myopathies in young broilers over the past few years has resulted in the industry looking for solutions to reduce and/or eliminate their effects in the poultry flock. The main three myopathies of concern are the so-called white striping (WS - parallel white stripes on the surface of the broiler’s pectoralis muscle), woody breast (WB - accumulation of connective tissue fibres and fat cells in the inner...
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This newsletter provides an overview of the anatomy of the keel bone, risk factors and welfare implications associated with keel fractures, how to assess keel bone integrity, and management strategies to mitigate keel fractures in laying hens. ...
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Leg problems are among the top health concerns of poultry raised for meat. Leg problems influence poultry at all stages of production, lead to reduced productivity and contribute to mortality. Leg problems have many different causes and contributing factors, including...
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Wooden breast (WB) is a degenerative myopathy seen in modern broiler birds resulting in quality downgrade of breast fillets. Affected filets show increased toughness both before as well as after cooking and have decreased water holding capacity and marinade pick up compared to normal fillets. Although the exact etiology is unknown, the circulatory insufficiency and increased oxidative stress in the breast muscles of modern broiler birds could be resulting in damage and...
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