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Amino acids in poultry nutrition
Adequate provision of dietary amino acids is required to maintain normal immunocompetence and protection of the host from some diseases in all species (Beski et al. 2015). Therefore, the development of immune function in poultry will be promoted if they receive sufficient amino acids in their diets. The essential amino acids for poultry are arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, cystine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Out of these, the ones critical in practical diets are arginine, lysine, methionine, cystine and tryptophan.
INTRODUCTION An important function of animal production is to provide high-quality protein for human consumption. In order to fulfill this role, animals themselves require high-quality protein in correct proportions in their diets. There are many ways to assess the quality of proteins, but nevertheless, they are all related to amino acid supply, which thus becomes a key feature in animal nutrition. For many years,...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate if the supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) either on top or included with an energy matrix in broiler feed, improves or equalizes the productive and economic parameters in broilers, respectively. The study was carried out in an experimental farm located in the department of Santander-Colombia and lasted 34 days. A total of 1088 Ross 308 AP day-old male chickens, with an initial bodyweight of 42.5 ± 1.05 g, were allotted to four...
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Dr. John Thomson, U.S. Sales Manager for Feed Additives at AlzChem, highlights the different parts of the next evolution of Animal Nutrition. Creamino® increases the creatine supply to the cells and thus enables additional improvements in growth and health....
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INTRODUCTION Leucine (Leu) is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that is essential for poultry species. It is one of the most potent amino acids regarding its effects on protein synthesis and degradation, energy balance regulation, modulation of insulin secretion, a nitrogen donor for muscle production and a critical regulator to initiate the translation and protein synthesis (Antony et al. , 2002; Norton et al. , 2006; Wu, 2009). Leu acts as a signal that...
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A study was conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) reduction with amino acid (AA) balanced diets on growth, carcass yields, litter characteristics, and ecological footprint of feeds in mixed-sex broilers. A total of 2,688 Cobb MV × 500 FF broilers were allotted to 4 treatments (14 replicates of 48 birds per pen) from 11 to 36 d of age reared in an open-sided barn. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control diet (C) with DL-Met+L-Lys+L-Thr, 2) C+L-Val 3) C+L-Val+L-Ile and...
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INTRODUCTION Ascites or pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is one of the main causes of mortality in modern broilers. It is estimated that ascites incidence may be as high as 20% of total mortality in broilers [1]. Due to selection for rapid growth, broiler chickens have a high metabolic rate and hence higher oxygen requirements. However, they have a marginal capacity of lung and cardiovascular systems to supply their high oxygen demand. This results in impaired ability to...
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INTRODUCTION It is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feedstuffs and diets, either for least-cost formulation or for adapting feed supply to the metabolizable energy requirements of broilers. Unfortunately, such energy is not used with 100% of efficiency for production, because during metabolism, around 15% of the energy is wasted as heat, and this is commonly referred to as heat increment or specific dynamic action. In fact, net energy values vary with bird...
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INTRODUCTION As a nonpolar amino acid, Valine (Val) is one of the most hydrophobic amino acids (Brosnan and Brosnan, 2006). Val, leucine, and isoleucine are called branched chain amino acids due to the branched chain structures of their R groups. In animals, Val serves as a precursor for the synthesis of protein and other amino acids (Ferrando et al., 1995). As a glucogenic amino acid, Val is a substrate for glutamine synthesis which is involved in the Krebs cycle (Wu,...
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I. INTRODUCTION Commercial poultry diets are routinely supplemented with methionine (Met) sources to precisely meet their Met+Cys specifications. Globally, dry DL-methionine (DL-Met, 99% purity) is the most commonly used Met source followed by methionine hydroxy analogue products (MHA-FA liquid, 88% purity and dry MHA-Ca, 84% purity) and L-methionine (LMet, 99% purity). During recent years, numerous studies designed to determine the replacement ratio of L- and DL-Met products...
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Introduction Barley ranks fourth in global cereal production after corn, wheat and rice. About 65% of the world’s barley produced is fed to animals, including poultry. Australia is a significant global producer of barley, ranking in the top five countries with about 5% of global production and is among the top three barley exporters accounting for about 30% of malt and 20% of feed barley trade. Australia is a reliable supplier of two row...
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I. INTRODUCTION Globally, maize and wheat are the major cereal grains used in broiler feed. Maize is predominant in Asia and the Americas, whereas wheat is in Australia, New Zealand and Europe. Extensive research has been undertaken in refining dietary strategies to optimise broiler performance when offered reduced crude protein (CP) diets. In feed, these grains have been optimized by the inclusion of feed enzymes and unbound (crystalline or synthetic) amino acids. Reduced CP...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a yeast extract supplemented in feed and a vitamins-aminoacids compound in the drinking water on the performance and microbiology count of broiler chickens. A 42- day experiment was carried out and replicated twice in time at Universidad ISA. In each experiment, 240 straight run day-old chicks were randomly distributed in 4 treatments of a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial arrangement. The 4 treatments were from the combination...
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Effects of DON and antidote on pro-inflammatory mRNA expression of broiler
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During the process of digestion and absorption of ingested feed in poultry, significant losses of endogenous amino acids (EAA) occur from various digestive secretions, mucoproteins and the epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Several factors such as the development of GIT and changes in dry matter intake (DMI) with advancing age, type of bird, method of euthanasia and ileal digesta collection may influence EAA loss. Correction for these inevitable losses is necessary to...
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I. INTRODUCTION Knowledge on the digestibility of amino acids (AA) in raw materials is crucial for precise feed formulation, and for more efficient and sustainable use of feed resources. The accuracy of excreta-based digestibility measurements for determining N and AA digestibility may be questionable, due to the variable effects of the caecal microflora on dietary protein utilisation and the contribution of...
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Martin Smith, Technical Service Director Middle East Africa at Evonik Animal Nutrition, introduces Evonik’s solution GuanAMINO®, which supplies creatine in the best way to your animals, improving their performance leading to optimized production costs and profitability.
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Mohammed Mouhafid, Regional Technical Manager for Africa at AlzChem, points out the negative effects of Heat Stress and How Creamino® reduces the negative impact of this issue in poultry....
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Fats and oils are widely used in poultry diets as a source of energy and to increase palatability. Increasing dietary fat level has been reported to improve the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (Cowieson and Ravindran, 2008). These improvements may be related, in part, to reduced endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses, but the influence of dietary fat on EAA losses has not been studied in chickens. The present study was carried out to measure the basal EAA losses in male broilers...
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I. INTRODUCTION Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have long been observed in poultry (D’Mello and Lewis, 1970; Tuttle and Balloun, 1976; Mendonca and Jensen, 1989), but their effects on broiler performance have been contested with various researchers reporting no effects of BCAA interactions on broiler performance in practical diets (Burnham et al., 1992; Barbour and Latshaw, 1992; Waldroup et al., 2002)....
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Barley ranks fourth in global cereal production after corn, wheat and rice. About 65% of the world’s barley produced is fed to animals, including poultry. Australia is a significant global producer of barley, ranking in the top 5 countries with about 5% of global production and is among the top 3 barley exporters accounting for about 30% of malt and 20% of feed barley trade. Australia is a reliable supplier of two-row spring barley that is suitable for a wide range of malting, brewing...
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Calculating a proper stocking density will determine the maximum farm profitability in broiler chickens. Choosing the stocking density implies knowing the impacts on live performance, and its interrelations with the environment and dietary nutrients. Abundant studies about stocking density run under non-commercial conditions might not indicate the best reliable information to know the farm profitability. As a result, few studies are reliable for commercial purposes. Poultry managers should...
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