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Amino acids in poultry nutrition

Adequate provision of dietary amino acids is required to maintain normal immunocompetence and protection of the host from some diseases in all species (Beski et al. 2015). Therefore, the development of immune function in poultry will be promoted if they receive sufficient amino acids in their diets. The essential amino acids for poultry are arginine, glycine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, cystine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Out of these, the ones critical in practical diets are arginine, lysine, methionine, cystine and tryptophan.
Walid Al Hakeem
University of Georgia
1 Introduction Amino acids are organic compounds containing both amino (—NH 2 ) and carboxyl (—COOH) groups. Due to the presence of asymmetric carbon, all amino acids except glycine exhibit optical activity and exist as D- and L-isoforms or enantiomers (Lehninger et al., 2005). The asymmetric α-carbon imparts chirality, a phenomenon where the molecule is not superimposable to its mirror images in space. Due to this, amino acids except glycine exist in...
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Additives are part of the strategies for adding value to food, and their interest, in the current context of raw material prices, is even more evident. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to simplify their action to stick to the primary logic of their nature and easily generate an economic advantage. In doing so, we are likely to limit ourselves by failing to fully consider the scope of their work. In the case of the increasingly popular proteases, this involves a "simple" recovery of the...
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Animal Nutrition Conference of Canada 2024
May 14, 2024
Canada - Manitoba - Winnipeg
I. INTRODUCTION Stephen Jay Gould famously introduced the term ‘non-overlapping magisteria’ in a Natural History article in March 1997, to describe the separation between scientific and religious lines of enquiry (Gould, 1997). From a broiler nutrition perspective, it would be accurate to represent digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy research, and digestible P and Ca research, using the same vocabulary. Despite these distinct research domains, considerable...
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I. INTRODUCTION The continuous genetic improvements are increasing the first commercial egg size produced and extending the production life of the layer hens worldwide. These improvements are related to what happens at rearing and at the start of the production. Early studies showed that while approximately 60 to 75% of the calcium destined for the shell comes directly from intestinal absorption (Driggers and Comar, 1949), up to 36% could be traced to bones (Mueller et al., 1964)....
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Dr. Peter Selle
The University of Sydney
All grains, vegetable-based protein meals and their by-products used in poultry diets contain some levels of phytate phosphorous (PP). Depending on the ingredient type and source, a typical broiler chicken diet would contain between 2.2 to over 3.5 g/kg dietary PP. Research has shown that phytate anti-nutritional effects can reduce the digestibility of amino acids (AA) and minerals. Previously the effect of phytase on AA digestibility was reported in broilers at 21 days of age (Toghyani et...
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Robert Swick
Robert Swick and 4 more
University of New England
Reduced protein (RP) diets have received increasing interest in poultry nutrition due to the potential benefits in feed cost and environmental footprint (Liu et al., 2021). Understanding the order of limiting amino acids (AA) in RP diets is critical to ensure requirements are met cost effectively. To date, only the first three limiting AA (including lysine [Lys], methionine [Met], and threonine [Thr]) have been demonstrated in RP layer diets, while the order of the next most limiting AA is...
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Shubiao Wu
Shubiao Wu and 3 more
University of New England
Coccidiosis is a disease with substantial economic impact (Muthamilselvan et al., 2016), particularly due to the push to ban anticoccidials. Vaccines are available but can be expensive, and are often implemented for free range and breeder flocks only. Thus, it is imperative to find effective nutritional alternatives to reduce the impact of coccidiosis on broiler chickens. The aim of this experiment was to determine if the nutritional strategies of post-pellet whole wheat (WW),...
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Shubiao Wu
Shubiao Wu and 2 more
University of New England
Feeding meat-chicken with reduced crude protein (CP) diets commonly reduces N release in the environment. However, this is often associated with poor performance and a heightened body fat content due to a high energy-to-protein ratio. Reducing feed CP content affects all amino acids (AA), but the most limiting essential AA (EAA) are commonly considered during feed formulation. It was realised that a chicken body has a constant composition in EAA and non-EAA (NEAA), or EAA-to-true protein...
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Craig Nelson Coon
University of Arkansas (USA)
Diego Martínez (University of Arkansas)       An energy system is needed to optimize feed formulation and influence economics and sustainability. This study assessed the sensitivity of productive energy (PE) and classic net energy (CNE) to BW gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and net energy for gain (NEg) and maintenance (NEm), and developed models to predict BWG, FCR, and protein accretion (PAC). 1920 chicks in 96 pens were assigned to one...
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Carl Parsons
Carl Parsons and 3 more
University of Illinois
Nelson Ruiz (Nelson Ruiz Nutrition LLC)     A set of 24 solvent extracted commercial soybean meal (CSBM) samples, which corresponded to the same lots of CSBM used in the field, were evaluated. The CSBM were from different origins (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Trinidad & Tobago, U.S.). The objective herein was to evaluate the relationship between KOH protein solubility (KOHPS, a measurement of overprocessing) and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA, a...
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Ken Macklin
Ken Macklin and 7 more
Mississippi State University
Duarte Neves (Zinpro)       The poultry industry is facing a problem with the fertility of broiler breeder eggs. The use of elevated amounts of trace minerals such as zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) within a broiler breeder diet has been previously linked to an increase in eggshell quality, which in turn may lead to an increased fertility rate. A parameter that has been linked to an increased eggshell quality is shell translucency. The...
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Dra. Roselina Angel Univ Maryland USA Ca-P
University of Maryland (USA)
Cibele Torres (Zinpro)      This study investigated the performance of broilers fed diets formulated to optimize phytate hydrolysis in the upper gut and supplemented with reduced levels of Zn in the form of Zn amino acid complexed minerals (ZnAA). A total of 3,600 d-old straight-run Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed across 72 floor pens. Birds received 1 of 6 diets (corn-soybean meal based) from day one to 37 d with 12 replicate pens per...
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Supplemented zinc amino acid complexed mineral in broiler diets with different calcium and phosphorous recommendations
Cibele Torres (Zinpro) shares the results of her research and highlights the improved breast yield obtained, as well as cost and environmental benefits, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Diego Martinez Patiño-Patroni
University of Arkansas (USA)
Productive energy (Arkansas Net Energy) is more sensitive than classic net energy to performance and actual net energy fractions
Diego Martínez (University of Arkansas) explains how productive energy is a better predictor of performance, body weight gain, feed conversion and protein accretion, among other factors, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Nelson Ruiz
Nelson Ruíz Nutrition LLC
KOH protein solubility and trypsin inhibitor analyses are needed to determine soybean meal quality
Nelson Ruiz (Nelson Ruiz Nutrition LLC) speaks on his research presented at the IPSF regarding the evaluation of soybean meal with KOH protein solubility and trypsin inhibitor as the main measurements, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Nelson Ruiz
Nelson Ruíz Nutrition LLC
Quality control of soybean meal: is it overcooked or undercooked?
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Impact of translucency score and trace mineral supplementation on eggshell quality parameters
Duarte Neves (Zinpro) explains how amino-acid complexed mineral supplementation to broiler breeders can positively impact eggshell quality and translucency, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Ronnick FONG
Hangzhou DE Mark Industrial Co Ltd
Looking back to the year 2023, the overall API market collapsed. The scarring effect left by the pandemic is hard to fade away completely; the global economy is facing downward pressure, the domestic livestock industry is in a downturn, and the prices of veterinary APIs continue to bottom out, hitting record lows. As the China Veterinary Medicine and Feed Trading Centre (CVMFTC) monitored, the VPi index for four weeks in January was 63.95, 63.41, 63.30 and 63.23. respectively....
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