Explore all the information on
Mycotoxins in feedstuffs
Welcome to the page about Mycotoxins in feedstuffs of Engormix; a source of knowledge on Mycotoxins in feedstuffs.
1. Introduction Egypt started sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation in 1848 when the first variety of the crop was imported from Jamaica. Since that time, sugarcane is cultivated for three main purposes: human consumption (chewing), sugarcane honey manufacturing in villages for local use, and sugar production. In the years 1922-23, the production of sugar severely dropped due to an extreme attack of the grey sugarcane mealybug Pseudococcus sacchari Ckll. Two main...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
1. Introduction Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxin occurrence varies between crops, as fungal species and strains differ in their ability to infect a particular plant host. Crop varieties also show different levels of susceptibility or resistance to toxigenic fungal infection. In addition, the same plant host can be attacked by different toxigenic fungi resulting in multi-mycotoxin contamination. Additionally, interacting climate-related abiotic conditions, especially water...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
Introduction The toxigenic fungi cause heavy losses in the in the yield, but the toxic poisoning of the grain is economically far more important. They provide food safety risk in human food supply and the same is true also for the animal husbandry. The amount of the global grain mass contaminated by mycotoxins is estimated to about 210 million t. A significant part of the storage loss, estimated about 420 million t is due to storage fungi [1]. As many toxigenic species occur,...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 1
Introduction Mycotoxins are naturally-produced hazards that result from molds that can grow on cereal grains and other commodities, such as peanuts, cottonseed, and soybeans. The primary species causing mycotoxins are aspergillus (aflatoxin and ochratoxin) and fusarium (fumonisins and zearalenone) molds. Very small quantities of mycotoxins may cause illness in swine or impact production efficiency. Ideally, exclusion of mycotoxins during the growing or receiving processes...
Comments : 2
Recommendations: 0
.jpg&w=3840&q=75)
The average level of total B-trichothecenes (1534 μg/kg) was the highest detected in the past five years and according to our risk assessment presents a medium risk to sensitive animals. Levels of ZEA, BZEA, HT2 and FB1 were low and present a low risk for the animal health and performance. Considering the mycotoxin levels detected and the likelihood of multiple mycotoxins (detected in 34% of samples), there is a greater probability of observing negative...
Comments : 1
Recommendations: 2
In 2020, Life Rainbow Biotech randomly collected 407 feed samples of raw materials and feed mills in farms and analyzed them. The samples were tested for aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), zearalenone, fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) and deoxynivalenol (DON) by the ELISA Mycotoxin analysis kit (Romer Labs®). Results: 407 feed samples collected, and 80.3% were contaminated with fumonisins and 90.4% contaminated with deoxynivalenol (table 1). All the maximum concentrations of...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 1
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are structurally diverse compounds produced by filamentous fungi. Contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem worldwide (Hussein and Brasel, 2001). The major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring in cereal grains, animal feeds, and forages are the trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins. Other important Fusarium mycotoxins include moniliformin and fusaric acid (D’Mello et al., 1999). More...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 1
1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Research in the last decades clarifies that the most important toxin-regulating agent is disease resistance [1–4]. Therefore, most of the work belongs to the competence of plant breeding. The artificial inoculations have a larger significance as the natural conditions do not support enough selection work, and this is true also for research. It is...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
1. Introduction Up to 80% of food items of plant origin worldwide are estimated to be contaminated with mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, at levels above the limit of detection (LOD) [1]. Mycotoxins threaten the health and productivity of humans and domesticated animals through dietary exposure at both acute and sub-acute contamination levels in the diet [2,3]. Many countries regulate the levels of mycotoxins allowed in imported goods, and mycotoxins are becoming...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 1
1. Introduction Mycotoxins are natural contaminants commonly found in plant-derived foodstuffs, mainly cereals and their by-products. Since these raw materials are added as ingredients in feed formulation for different animal species, including cultivated fish, the risk of mycotoxin contamination in feed for aquaculture has increased, thus introducing contaminants (i.e., mycotoxins), which were not previously identified in fish tissues [1]. Diverse studies reported mycotoxin...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
Mycotoxin contamination in newly harvested grain is a very important parameter to consider. That grain is used to feed the animals for the whole year, until the next harvest. As the saying goes, “knowing the enemy is half the battle won.” In turn, if we know the level of contamination, we can think about the best use of the wheat: to which animal species it can be fed (avoiding the more sensitive species in cases of high contamination or decreasing the...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 1
From the field to the feed, mycotoxin production is a cumulative process. It is controlled by several factors, the most important being climatic conditions and agronomic practices during cultivation. However, each mycotoxin has its own...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
Based on the results of this survey, the 2020 wheat crop in Poland should not automatically be considered safe for inclusion in finished feed rations for all animal species. Special attention should be paid to the medium-high average concentration of DON (1102 μg/kg), which was found in 71% of the samples with maximum concentration 9800 μg/kg. Average HT-2 and T-2 toxins level according to our risk assessment table present low-medium risk to...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
Corn from the two 2020 harvests was found to have low to medium levels of five mycotoxins: AFB1, FB1, ZEA, DON and NIV (multiple mycotoxin contamination). The possible synergism, or additive effect of mycotoxins, also needs to be considered. Multiple mycotoxins at low to medium levels can have negative effects on animal health, reproduction and performance. Based on the results of this survey, the 2020 Brazilian corn crop should not automatically be...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 3
1. Introduction The economic losses caused by mycotoxins are mostly related to the extra costs employed to reduce or eliminate mycotoxin contamination in the diet, and the financial losses due to suboptimal animal production (Magnoli et al., 2019). Among the mycotoxins affecting livestock production, the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) appears as one of the most important ones. The knowledge regarding the effects of DON on broilers is mostly based on studies using...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 3
1. Introduction Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly known as vomitoxin, is a potent mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, and its presence in wheat, corn, and barley crops can lead to them being downgraded to livestock feed grade. Pigs, and in particular young piglets, are poorly tolerant to DON contamination. Although extremely high doses of contamination in feed (20 mg/kg feed) will induce vomiting [1,2], swine will tolerate lower-level feed contamination to...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
1. Introduction Wheat is the cereal most consumed worldwide. Both bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) can be affected by Fusarium head blight (FHB). Within the Fusarium graminearum species complex, Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto is the main pathogen associated with FHB in Argentina. During the last 60 years, several epidemics of FHB of varying degrees of severity have occurred in Argentina. During 2012, a severe FHB outbreak...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
1. Introduction Global warming due to climate change is becoming more certain and accepted. It is likely being exacerbated by human industrial activities, which at least offers the hope that it can be reduced by humans, in contrast to natural phenomena. The recent Paris agreement on climate change restricts increases to a maximum of 2°C, and rapid, significant action is anticipated by many. Nevertheless, the consequences of global warming are becoming more evident with each...
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), also called scab, is a devastating and dangerous disease of wheat and barley with worldwide distribution. The disease causes yield loss, low-test weights, low seed germination, and contamination of grain with mycotoxins. A vomitoxin called deoxynivalenol (DON) is considered the primary mycotoxin associated with FHB. This mycotoxin is subject to regulatory limits by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Historically, FHB infections have been extremely low in...
Comments : 2
Recommendations: 1
INTRODUCTION Fungi, especially filamentous fungi can engender secondary metabolites denominated mycotoxins that have deleterious impacts, such as estrogenic effect, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity in humanity and animal. Secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi can be more or less artificially divided in antibiotics that are toxic for microorganisms, phytotoxins that are toxic for plants along with mycotoxins that are toxic for human and animal....
Comments : 0
Recommendations: 0
