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Mycotoxins in feedstuffs
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Introduction Aspergillus is a filamentous fungus that produces mycotoxins (secondary metabolites), the main contaminants of food and cause adverse effects on human and animal health. The consumption of these toxins may lead to immunosuppressive, mutagenic, and carcinogenic diseases [1]. Various species of the genus Aspergillus produce aflatoxins such as Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus A. nomius, A. pseudotamarii, A. bombycis, and A. ochraceoroseus [2,...
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Introduction Maize ( Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop before wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rice ( Oryza sp.) for worldwide production. In Northwestern (NW) Europe, maize cultivation started on a large scale with the upcoming of hybrid cultivars in the 1960s. However, in the 500 years since Columbus’ voyages, a great array of landraces were cultivated in NW Europe which descended mainly from Northern flints introduced from...
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1. Introduction Fusarium of the spike is the main disease of cereal plants worldwide. The disease can lead to a significant reduction in yield (up to 30%) and quality in the form of atrophy, weight loss and discoloration. Fusarium also produces mycotoxins, which can adversely affect livestock and human health [1]. Early and rapid detection, monitoring of the development of the disease are the bases for the control of Fusarium and the mycotoxins it produces in seeds. Currently,...
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Mycotoxins in food tend to occur when specific molds and environmental conditions coexist. To ensure your operation is set up for success, testing should take place as early as possible. “Testing throughout the entirety of the supply chain—from farm to factory to finished foods—is critical because of the insidious...
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In the realm of food safety, mycotoxins present a significant challenge to manufacturers, processors, and regulatory bodies alike. These toxic compounds, produced by certain fungi under specific environmental conditions, can contaminate various food and feed products, posing serious health risks to consumers and...
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Introduction Modern maize, belonging to the genus Zea, was domesticated in southern Mexico 9000 years ago from wild, annual tropical grasses called teosintes, with the primary ancestor being Parviglumis (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) which survives today in the wild (Matsuoka et al., 2002). There are additional species of teosintes that continue to grow in the wild in Mexico and Central America including the perennial Zea diploperennis (Iltis and Doebley, 1980). Following its...
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INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food in many parts of the world including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Nigeria and some other West African countries, it is traditionally transformed by submerged fermentation to ogi – a complementary weaning food for infants and young children, convenient food for the sick, convalescent and elderly or quick breakfast mostly for those living in rural areas characterized by low income (Onyekwere et al., 1989; Steinkraus,...
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In 2023 mycotoxins semiannual survey, Life Rainbow Biotech randomly collected 152 feed samples of raw materials and feed mills in farms and analyzed. The samples were tested for aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), zearalenone, fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3), and deoxynivalenol (DON) by the ELISA Mycotoxin analysis kit. Contamination in animal feed 152 feed samples collected, and 77% were contaminated with fumonisins ( table 1 ). The maximum concentrations of aflatoxins,...
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INTRODUCTION Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], is an economically important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that has resulted in massive commercial losses (Wilson et al., 2018). F. graminearum is capable of producing multiple, type B trichothecene mycotoxins [Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and 4-acetylnivalenol (4-ANIV)],...
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INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays) is one of the main sources for food and feed production in the world (Chulze, 2010). In 2017, more than 197 million hectares were grown with maize worldwide resulting in production yield of 1.13 billion tons of maize (FAOSTAT, 2020). Ensuring the quality and safety of maize for feed and food production is essential. One of the major quality and safety concerns is infection of the maize plants with fungi and the contamination of maize kernels with...
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Discover how Fumo-V™ ONE, the latest innovation in feed testing technology, simplifies both on-site and lab-based analysis of complex finished feed. Haer what Carlton Skipper, SE Sales Representative at VICAM, has to say about it...
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Join Lanny Smith, Global Sales Manager at VICAM, as he unveils how VICAM sets itself apart in the realm of mycotoxin testing solutions for the feed chain....
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Explore the world of mycotoxin detection with Colin Lee, VICAM Canada Sales Representative, as he sheds light on the innovative use of immunoaffinity columns...
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Join Colin Lee, VICAM Canada Sales Representative, as he delves into the intricate methodologies utilized by Canadian laboratories for comprehensive mycotoxin testing. Also, he points out the benefits of Vicam’s Immunoaffinity Columns...
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INTRODUCTION Fusarium verticillioides has long been known to be a causal agent of maize ear rot but has received more attention since the discovery that fumonisins, the mycotoxins it produces, can accumulate in maize kernels (Gelderblom et al., 1988). Fumonisin consumption can lead to serious disorders in humans and animals; for example, leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine, both are accompanied by injuries to the liver and heart; hepatic necrosis and,...
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Victoria Wilson (Seaboard Foods) talks about the process of checking the feed, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Victoria Wilson (Seaboard Foods) comments on her experience when testing for mycotoxins, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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1 Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi. The fungi grow on food commodities such as cereals, coffee, fruits, nuts, oilseeds, and spices when there are favorable conditions (Awuchi et al., 2021). Currently, over 400 mycotoxins have been recorded, and 25% of food has been shown to be contaminated. (Tola and Kebede, 2016; Escrivá et al., 2017); however, only a few are of concern from a food safety perspective: Aflatoxins (AFs), Fumonisins (FBs),...
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INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi on agricultural products, which cause acute or chronic toxic effects in farm animals and humans called mycotoxicosis (Schirone et al., 2016; Du et al., 2017). The contamination of agricultural products with fungi occurs during pre-and post-harvesting stages due to inappropriate and unhygienic practices (Bernhoft et al., 2012). The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations...
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INTRODUCTION Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the major economically important fungal diseases in wheat, barley, corn, and other small grains worldwide. Wheat yield losses of up to 50% have been reported in North America due to FHB (McMullen et al., 1997; Goswami and Kistler, 2005). One of the major concerns of FHB is the contamination of infected grains with Fusarium mycotoxins. Fusarium mycotoxins represent the largest group of mycotoxins, which contains more than 140 known...
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